design
The design of Ethereum 2.0 includes the following:
- There are 1024 shards in the ETH 2.0 stage;
- The beacon chain management consensus algorithm and cross-shard communication, but communication is limited, too much communication will put too much pressure on the beacon chain
- V God said that in order to solve the communication pressure of the beacon chain, the communication time interval is set to 6 minutes. Each shard can find the hash value of other shards every 6 minutes, and users and applications operate and run on different shards.
Fragmentation
There are 1024 shards in the design of Ethereum 2.0. Each shard is a short chain and has its own consensus algorithm. It will interact with other shards. Every 6 minutes, each shard can find other shards. Hash root.
In the design of Ethereum 2.0, increasing the confirmation speed of transactions does not need to increase the speed of the block. If you can see which shard will send a new block in the next second, you can send the transaction in that shard. God V also concluded that sharding is a tool for distributing data and calculations. There are many ways to achieve a scalable application environment on this bottom layer. Through these methods, the speed and usefulness of the sharded blockchain can be maintained. Through these " The second layer" approach, the first layer of Ethereum 2.0 can be used as a simple and safe underlying protocol for many different applications, and the second layer will continue to develop and improve rapidly.
Beacon chain
How to become a verifier of the beacon chain? First, deploy a special contract custody contract on the Eth1 main chain. The contract accepts the deposit paid by the user. The deposit must be at least 30 ether. This contract will release the event log every time a valid deposit is received, but it is not added immediately. Even if it is a valid active validator among validators, there is still a part that needs to be verified on the chain.
The main functions of the beacon chain:
- As a PoW/Eth1 core chain
- The core of PoS
- The core of interaction with the Shard chain
bonus system:
- The more votes and transactions of other validators are included, the higher the reward
- Report malicious verifiers and include more Slashing Operations, the more rewards will be.