00 The birth and development of education
1. The meaning of education
(1) The origin of the term "education" (single choice)-one person, one book, one sentence
The term "education" was first seen in **"Mencius: Do Your Heart"**
"To get the world's talents and educate, San Le Ye"
first used education and education together
(2) The concept of "education" (single choice, discrimination)
Education in a broad sense-"2 words in three aspects
It refers to all activities that enhance people's knowledge and skills, develop people's intelligence and physical strength, and influence people's thoughts and morals. It includes social education, school education and family education
Education in a narrow sense-"School, the meaning of school education
School education is an activity where educators exert a purposeful, planned, and organized influence on the educated according to certain social requirements and train them into people needed by a certain society.
2. The basic elements of education
1. Educator (leading)
Educators not only refer to school teachers, school teachers are the most direct educators and play a leading role in educational activities
2. Educated (main body)
3. Educational influence (links, intermediaries)
Educational content and educational methods
Educational content: what to teach
Educational methods: what to teach
The two most basic elements are: the
educator and the educated. The
most direct educator: the teacher. The
leading role is -" the educator The
main role is: the educated
3. The attributes of education (single choice, discrimination)
Essential attributes: Education is an activity to cultivate people with a purpose
A.
Purposeful : accidentally not allowed
B, people
C, social activities
, breastfeeding, etc. is not education, instinct is not education
The first test method:
direct: what are the essential characteristics of education.
The second test method
: Which of the following is education
Social attributes:
1. Eternity: People are educating
2. Historicity: different from ancient to modern
We now have a programming class, there was no ancient
3. Inheritance: the same as ancient and modern
We are still learning Tang poetry
4. Long-term
The training cycle is very long: ten years of trees, a hundred years of cultivation
5. Relative independence
Imbalance:
1. Leading and political development
2. Lagging and political development
Productivity: Education is an investment
Fourth, the function of education
According to the object of educational function
Individual development function (ontology)
social development function (derivative)
According to the nature of educational function
Positive function-"Good
Negative function-"Bad
Divided by the form of educational function
Explicit function-"in plan,
recessive function-"out of plan
5. The origin of education (single choice)
Biological origin theory: instinct generates interest
Status: The first formal doctrine on education.
View: Education originated from the survival instinct of the animal kingdom.
Representatives: Litorno, Pei Sineng
Theory of Psychological Origin: Psychological Imitating Monroe
Viewpoint: Education originated from children's "unconscious imitation" of recognition-"Human instinct
representative; Monroe
The origin of labor: Mi Kai loves labor
Point of view; originated from the dialectical unity of social production needs and human development needs in the labor process Representatives: Midinsky, Kainov
6. The development of education
(1) Education in primitive society-"Simple labor without class
1. Classlessness, fairness
2. Close integration of education and productive labor
3. Simple educational content and single educational method
Simple labor without class
(2) Ancient society (single choice)
Education in Ancient Society-Slave Society
When did the earliest school appear: Xia Dynasty What was
the name of the earliest school : Xia What do
we learn in the slave society: Six arts (ritual, music, shooting, and, imperial, calligraphy, number) with ritual and music as the core
Spring and Autumn Period, The rise of private schools
Foreign
Ancient Egypt: Scribe school: literature, writing, and governing abilities.
Scribe school is the first level and
there
is a higher level of vocational school: monk school
Ancient Greece:
Sparta: military sports, martial arts
Athens: Chongwen
Education in Ancient Society-Feudal Society
Four Books-"Mencius", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects", and "The Great Learning"
Five Classics: "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Yi", "Spring and Autumn
Sengoku: Private Schools prosperity
Confucianism, ink-based prevalence study now
Han Dynasty: Deposed hundreds of schools and respected Confucianism
Sui and Tang Dynasties: Imperial Examination System (Rise)
Song Dynasty: Four Books and Five Classics: Imperial Examination System
Late Qing Dynasty: the imperial examination system was abolished (1905)
Foreign
Mission School:
Seven Skills Knight School: Seven Skills of Knights
The general characteristics of ancient education-"Re-education through labor separates from the class
1. School emerges
2. Ancient school education is separated from productive labor
3. Class and hierarchy
Education in Modern Society-"French Ceremony
1. The state has strengthened intervention and public education has risen
2. Elementary compulsory education has been widely implemented (Germany)
3. Educational secularization
4. Education legalization
Elementary compulsory education is implemented in Germany. Elementary compulsory education is
commonly implemented in modern society.
Law: Legalization
Country: State-Germany
: Compulsory education
style; implementation
Education after the 20th century (modern society)-all people appear more-single choice, short answer
Lifelong education
Live to grow old and learn to grow old-Paul Langerand
Universal education
Democratization of education
1. Everyone
2. The same
equal opportunity: starting point, process, result
Educational diversity
Education modernization
The key is the modernization of the teaching staff
