One. The historical background of the birth and development of Linux (what are the Internet to check for any errors Kam wish to make)
1.1 linux-old father uinx
I think that since the choice of learning linux Linux is necessary to know some of the history about the origin of linux comes in fact even Speaking from uinx, new to linux operation and maintenance when the regular teacher from his mouth say what the linux kernel uinx ,, regular mix them into one thing, it is not.
Long, long ago, probably in the second the 1940s and 1950s, because the development of the productive forces (the third industrial revolution) people are no longer satisfied with the current level of computing, so create a "monster" is used to address operational inefficiencies , so the first generation of computers was born. Was using a system called batch system is very inconvenient.
Then in 1965, Bell Labs, MIT and General Electric Company jointly launched a project called Multics plan that wants to be a multi-process, multi-user, time-sharing operating system, batch processing system to solve fucking operational problems. But because at that time they did not have a specific target, given the target is too big space, even when the operators do not know what they ought to do a system, so the plan failed.
Then there is this time Ken Thompson at Bell Labs program called ape himself wrote a game, because at that time most of the systems are used in assembly language (early programming languages), and this language seems to Ken Thomson this game not very friendly (at that time willing to experiment in many systems are again the effect is not good). Tell us who you mess with bad why you have to mess with people reading it? So in 1969 he angrily created a new language ----- B language, but the language and environment is not running, then wrote a Multics operating system at the time of the foundation at 1969, 1970 officially named uinx. In this way, a space travel game appendage unix born (as long as the original is not buying this game who can get open source kernel uinx it QAQ).
It highlights the various advantages Uinx very long before it began to spread in a wide range of Bell Labs. However, it may be written in B language too hasty, there are many need to be perfected, so Ken Thomson colleague Dennis Ritchie created a program written in a language more suited to the right is the C language (personally feel that because of the time and respect for reason of so called C), and rewrite the system so uinx uinx formally completed.
Then uinx specific history of the development let's not talk about, anyway, the development of very Fortunearia that there is still a part of the market is still visible in its influence with uinx. See that we should know, uinx and linux is actually not a thing. That why uinx succeed? He and linux so what does it matter? First answer the first question, the system was indeed very uinx bovine, even if Linux appeared at that time he was just in his brother's brother, however, because of the interests of Bell Labs began copyrights, major computer company to change uinx according to their hardware features make uinx there have been many variants, uinx war began. After the linux developed uinx lonely in uinx basis. So the relationship between Linux and uinx more like father and son relationship.
1.2 linux born
Uinx from the original free and open to today's charges isolation, large companies, better said, but if a number of small companies and individuals can not afford a bit of his charges. As the saying goes there is oppression there is resistance, this time to come out of a big brother-level programmer His name is Richard Tuosi Man, he was felt uinx is a rogue, it oppressed people of our low level to revolt friends ! ! So he launched the GNU movement (aimed at making a free and open software operating system), when many people already unhappy uinx, and Richard such a statement truly mass response, many excellent technicians have come up on 1984, " Cao! old arguments, done with you! off uinx! ". The next year he established a foundation to provide financial and other support.
2090 to Richard that they have developed a shell of the operating system, and a lot of application software, but the core has as yet not been developed, dumbfounding is the official explanation turned out to be "This is really an interesting jobs".
In 1991 there was a university student he called linus, because he wanted to test how the Intel 386 storage management hardware so some of the knowledge he combined minix (uinx variant) wrote a kernel sent to the Internet at a university in Finland, please Chou Chou bigwigs, he this kernel is very simple and logical, so a lot of cattle inner restlessness will look to add code on this basis to improve the kernel. Just a few days to reach the amount of code even thousands of thousands.
This time the old arguments are worried about the core issues, but also look to the sudden this thing, he was very happy, "Oh, the kernel nowhere to be found!" So he throws olive branch to linus. Linus was just a college student, I was invited to such a big cow how he would not want it joined the GNU. So in 1994 linux officially released, in order to highlight the contribution of linus put the system was renamed from GNU linux. Linux was born and permanently free of charge, and to develop a system if his source code changes must be open-source rules. Penguin mascot chosen, many online saying I personally agree that the penguins in the Arctic Arctic animals do not belong to any country or region penguin is shared by all, so on behalf of the open sharing of meaning.
1.3 for Linux on personal views and insights.
About uinx decline, it is not a problem because the system itself but because of the problem of human nature and interests, and I am very sorry. I actually prefer something liberal arts, and indeed from the actual terms of the liberal arts really useless, but when you finish a fine history you really realize many things, take a lot less detours, do not wait experienced before that, "hey, You can not do that. " Sometimes some serious mistakes will make your life not turn the body like uinx, even if he is open-source, the major variants compatible with each other cooperation agreement is open free he can return to the spectacular year yet? Obviously not!
Uninx closed and high charges are ridiculous, and open linux is bright and great. Unix I support the protection of intellectual property rights of the individual, but I am more convinced Linus said, "I am convinced that endless truth. If you think I'm a hero, I can tell you, I like Newton. Not only because at the time he was influential force of character, but also because he said something "more important than other people if I can further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." "Yes, every achievement they are great big cow want some deserved reward, or even not enough. But do not forget that unless you are Adam and Eve, the Jade Emperor, otherwise everyone is standing on the outcome of their predecessors grew up. If closed up blindly to obtain rewards, it is your right you can do, but no one will have to pay and inheritance.
Linux as an open operating system everyone is willing to contribute for him when most people are just a little with the management at the time, he would self-improvement and development, he has no nationality restrictions area, of course you need to speak English (because it is in) he will not be collective or individual control groups and national written in basic English, so his system is the most secure, the future is brightest. Even the country's technological power plan, written in 863 superior unicorn and the Kylin operating system are based on linux kernel.
I am very willing to learn linux system and contribute to this end.