Teaching principles and methods
1. Teaching principles
01 principle of intuitiveness
02 heuristic principle
03The principle of gradual progress
04 Principle of Consolidation, 05 Principle of Capacity
06 Principle of the unity of ideological and scientific
Ideological: Moral,
Scientific: Scientific knowledge,
Educational teaching principles
07 Principle of Integrating Theory with Practice
08 Principles of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
2. Commonly used teaching methods in primary and secondary schools
Teaching method
A method for teachers to use oral language system to impart knowledge to students
Status: The most used and most widely used teaching method
Classification: Telling, explaining, reading,
Subject: Teacher
Status: Most used and most widely used
Advantages: High efficiency
Disadvantages: Not conducive to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Talking method
Subject: teacher, student
Ways to guide students to acquire new knowledge or consolidate old knowledge through question and answer
Type: Review talk and enlightenment talk
Evaluation: Conducive to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude,
Discussion method
Book guidance
Intuitive perception: mainly rely on the senses
Presentation method
Teachers conduct demonstrative experiments by demonstrating objects and visual teaching aids or adopt modern audio-visual means
Main body: teachers do, students see
Visiting method
Teachers organize students to observe and research on-site objects
Category:
Preparatory visit
Parallel visit
Summary visit
Pre-class visit: Preparatory visit During
class: Parallel
After class: Summative visit
Keywords: field
category: before class, during class, after class
Actual training: do
Practice method
Students use the knowledge they have learned to perform practical operations independently to consolidate knowledge and form skills
Experimental Method
Under the guidance of teachers, students use instruments and equipment to cause changes in things and phenomena
Subject of experimental method: students Subject of
demonstration method: teacher
Practice homework
Degree of connection with learned knowledge: large
Teachers guide students to use the knowledge they have learned in practical operations and other activities inside and outside the school
Practice Activity Method: Comprehensive Ability
Emphasize the degree of connection with the learned knowledge: small
Students participate in social practice activities to cultivate the ability to solve practical problems and various practical skills
Emotional edification
Appreciation Teaching Method: Watch
Instruct students to experience the truth, goodness and beauty of objective things
Situational Teaching Method: Role Play
The vivid and concrete situations introduced or created by the teacher trigger the emotional experience of sketching
Short answer questions: the basis for the selection of teaching methods
The nature of the project, the time of year, the means of evaluation
1. The requirements of the teaching purpose and tasks
2. The nature and characteristics of the course
3. The age characteristics of the students
4. The teaching time, equipment, conditions
5. The teacher's professional level, practical experience and personality characteristics
6. Teaching Factors such as methods and teaching environment
Short answer
Section 4 Teaching Organization Form
1. Teaching organization form
Individual teaching system
1. One-to-one teaching.
Advantages: teach students in accordance with their aptitude
Disadvantages: limited number of students
Class Teaching System
Status: the most basic
characteristics: classes, classes, and hours
Generation: 1632 "Theory of Teaching"
China: 1862 Jingshi Tongwen Museum
Advantages: greatly improve teaching efficiency
Disadvantages: not conducive to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Auxiliary form: individual tutoring, on-site teaching
Special form: compound teaching: in remote areas, teacher’s teaching and students’ self-study alternately
Short answer
Group teaching
Whether to break the boundaries of the original class
External grouping:
grouping Internal grouping: grouping
Design Teaching Method
Originator: Dewey
Decide what to learn
Daltonian
Designer: Burkhurst (not Dalton)
teacher designated bibliography, students self-study = "The essence of flipped classroom is a bit like
Trump system
"Flexible schedule"
Large class + small class research + individual teaching (small and large, flexible) Large: large class
Small: small class
Special: Trump
Flexible: flexible schedule
to sum up
2. Basic links of teaching
Back to do the tutoring
Back: Preparation
for class Top: Class
Do: Assignment and correction of extracurricular homework
Guide: Extracurricular tutoring
Study: Academic performance evaluation
Multiple choice:
Lesson preparation (prerequisite)
Three preparations:
delve into teaching materials,
understand students,
choose teaching methods
Three kinds of plans
Semester plan
Unit plan
Class hour plan (teaching plan)
Class (center)
The number of tasks is different:
single class,
comprehensive class (overlay of tasks)
The standard of
a good class The fundamental requirement of a good class: give full play to the subjectivity of students
Assignment and correction of homework
Compliance with regulations
, appropriate amount,
inspire thinking,
specify requirements, set time, and
timely feedback
Tutoring
It is a necessary supplement to the class, not a continuation of the class
Academic performance evaluation
Test
test
Teaching test indicators
Validity: correctness
Validity is not correct,
reliability is stable and unstable
Reliability: stability
Difficulty: 0.5 is the best
Discrimination: also known as discrimination to distinguish candidates of different levels
Chapter 5 Teaching Evaluation
1. The concept of teaching evaluation
2. Classification of teaching evaluation
Implementation function
Before: Diagnostic evaluation: Understanding students
Middle: Formative evaluation: Improvement and perfection
After: Summative evaluation: General evaluation
Application standard
Relative evaluation: also called norm relative
Look at rankings, and relative positions
Absolute evaluation: standard
Look at the score, 600,000 years old, one more point is wasted
In-person difference evaluation
Compare yourself with
Evaluation subject
Internal evaluation: self-evaluation
external evaluation: outsiders evaluate yourself
Evaluation method
Qualitative Evaluation:
Conduct Evaluation: Qualitative
Subsequent scores: quantitative
