Android is 13 years old, happy birthday!

Do you remember when you first contacted the Android system? Unknowingly, it is 13 years old, and the version has been released to Android 11. I wish the Android system a happy birthday!

On November 5, 2007, Google announced the official release of Android, an open source mobile phone operating system based on the Linux platform. The platform consists of an operating system, middleware, user interface, and application software. It claims to be the first truly open and complete mobile terminal built Mobile software.

The word Android first appeared in the science fiction novel "L'ève future" (L'ève future) published by French writer Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam in 1886. He named the human-like machine Android.

The origin of the Android system

The Android system was not developed by Google at the beginning. The original company name of the Android system was called Android. In 2005, Google acquired this high-tech enterprise that was only established for 22 months. The Android system has also begun to be taken over by Google. Andy Rubin, the person in charge of the Android system and the CEO of Android, has become Google’s vice president of engineering and continues to be responsible for the development of the Android project.

Andy Rubin

Development history (from Baidu Encyclopedia)

• In October 2003, Andy Rubin and others founded the Android company and formed the Android team.

• On August 17, 2005, Google low-key acquired Android and its team, a high-tech company that was only 22 months old. Andy Rubin became the vice president of Google's engineering department and continued to be responsible for the Android project.

• On November 5, 2007, Google officially showed this operating system called Android to the outside world, and on this day Google announced the establishment of a global alliance organization consisting of 34 mobile phone manufacturers, software developers, Telecom operators and chip manufacturers are formed together, and 84 hardware manufacturers, software developers and telecom operators form the Open Handset Alliance to jointly develop and improve the Android system. This alliance will support Google’s release Mobile operating system and application software, Google released the source code of Android under the authorization of Apache free open source license.

• In 2008, at the Google I/O conference, Google proposed the AndroidHAL architecture diagram. On August 18 of the same year, Android was approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In September 2008, Google officially released the Android 1.0 system. , This is also the earliest version of the Android system.

• In April 2009, Google officially launched the Android 1.5 mobile phone. Starting from the Android 1.5 version, Google began to name the Android version after dessert, and Android 1.5 named Cupcake. The system has been greatly improved compared with Android 1.0.

• In September 2009, Google released the official version of Android 1.6, and launched the HTC Hero (G3) mobile phone equipped with the official version of Android 1.6. With its excellent design and the new Android 1.6 operating system, HTC Hero (G3) became The most popular mobile phone in the world at that time. Android 1.6 also has an interesting dessert name, which is called Donut (donuts).

• In February 2010, Linux kernel developer Greg Kroah-Hartman removed the Android driver from the Linux kernel "staging tree" ("staging tree"). Since then, the mainstream of Android and Linux development will part ways. In May of the same year, Google officially released the Android 2.2 operating system. Google named the Android 2.2 operating system Froyo, which was translated as frozen yogurt.

• In October 2010, Google announced that the Android system had reached the first milestone, that is, the number of Android applications that have obtained official digital certification in the electronic market has reached 100,000, and the application of the Android system has grown very rapidly. In December 2010, Google officially released the Android 2.3 operating system Gingerbread (Gingerbread).

• In January 2011, Google said that the number of new Android device users reached 300,000 per day. By July 2011, this number had increased to 550,000, and the total number of Android system device users reached 135 million. Become the system with the highest share in the field of smartphones.

• On August 2, 2011, Android mobile phones accounted for 48% of the global smartphone market, and occupied a dominant position in the Asia-Pacific market, ending the dominance of Symbian (Symbian system) and ranking first in the world.

• In September 2011, the number of Android system applications has reached 480,000, and in the smartphone market, the Android system's share has reached 43%. Continue to rank first in the mobile operating system. Google will release a new Android 4.0 operating system, which is named Ice Cream Sandwich by Google.

• On January 6, 2012, 100,000 developers in Google’s Android Market launched more than 400,000 active applications, most of which are free. The Android Market application store catalog broke the 400,000 benchmark on the first weekend of the new year, only 4 months before it broke 300,000 applications. Earlier in 2011, it took four months for the Android Market to increase from 200,000 to 300,000 applications.

• On November 1, 2013, Android 4.4 was officially released. In terms of specific functions, Android 4.4 provides a variety of useful and small functions. The new Android system is smarter, adding more Emoji patterns, and UI improvements. Modern, such as the new HelloiOS7 translucent effect.
  In 2015, researchers from the network security company Zimperium warned that Android had a "fatal" security flaw. Hackers could send a MMS message to completely control the phone without the user's knowledge.

• In October 2018, Google stated that it would stop the Nearby Notifications service in the Android system on December 6, 2018, because Android users received too many spam emails from nearby businesses promoting information.

• In March 2020, Google’s Android security bulletin mentioned that the new update has provided the CVE-2020-0069 patch to solve a serious security vulnerability in MediaTek’s chips.

From robot to dessert

Before the official release of Android, there were initially two internal test versions, and they were named after the famous robot names: Astro Boy (AndroidBeta) and Clockwork Robot (Android 1.0).

Later, due to copyright issues, Google changed its naming rules to use dessert as the code name of their system version. The dessert nomenclature started when Android 1.5 was released. The size of the dessert represented by each version is getting bigger and bigger, and then in order of 26 letters:

• Cupcakes (Android 1.5)
• Donuts (Android 1.6)
• Muffins (Android 2.0/2.1)
• Frozen Yogurt (Android 2.2)
• Gingerbread (Android 2.3)
• Hive (Android 3.0)
• Ice Cream Sandwich (Android 4.0)
• Jelly Bean (Jelly Bean, Android4.1 and Android 4.2)
• KitKat (KitKat, Android 4.4)
• Lollipop (Lollipop, Android 5.0)
• Marshmallow (Marshmallow, Android 6.0)
• Nougat (Nougat, Android 7.0)
• Oreo (AndroidOreo, Android8.0)
• 派（Pie，Android 9.0)

Among the many "gourmet" editions, which one impressed you?