About 5G technology and 5G technology's upcoming challenges

1. The development history of world communication technology

As of today in 2020, the development of world communication technology has undergone various changes from 1G to 5G.
Many people have questions, what exactly is "G"? In fact, "G" represents an epoch-making change and a major process.
1G: It represents the big brother era that everyone used around 1980. It was a communication technology with only one basic function, which was the voice function.
2G: It represents the era around 1990. At that time, the prototype of mobile phones (commonly known as "Little Smart") had begun. At that time, they had already equipped with more functions, except for voice functions. SMS function.
3G: It represents the era of epoch-making upgrading of social applications in 2000. In that era, the interaction between people has begun to become a lot more mature and convenient.
4G: In 2010, there were more online interactive software and game software that many friends liked, allowing many people to have more entertainment and leisure in their spare time.
5G: It is the mainstream communication technology that is currently in the development stage. There are many advanced technologies such as virtual reality technology. The mainstream communication operation companies have begun to use it. Although it is still developing, it has become the mainstream.

2. Advantages of 5G

Traffic density: 100,000
Connection number density: 1 million/km²
Delay: 1ms
Mobility: 500km/h
Energy efficiency: 100 times
Experience rate: 0.1~1Gb
Spectrum: 3 times (up to 5 times in special circumstances)
Peak: 20Gb

3. About 5G core technology applications

3.1. Ultra-dense networking
Ultra-dense networking means that the construction of small base stations can be greatly increased, in exchange for more efficient performance by reducing space.
So what is a base station?
Base stations can be divided into two types:
1. Macro base stations: namely "tower stations", which are large base stations with a coverage range of several kilometers.
2. Small base station: ① Femtocell base station, ② Micro base station, ③ Pico base station (also known as pico base station), ④ Indoor base station, ⑤ Personal base station.
What are the advantages of small base stations?
The advantages of small base stations are:

• Small size, low cost, easy installation, deep coverage
• Frequency reuse in a smaller range can increase the capacity used
• Closer to the user, can improve the signal quality and can reach a higher rate

3.2. Large-scale antenna array
advantages:

• Improve signal reliability
• Improve base station throughput
• Significantly reduce interference to surrounding base stations
• Serve more mobile terminals

3.3.
Advantages of dynamic self-organizing network (SON) :

• Flexible deployment
• Support multi-hop
• High reliability
• Support high bandwidth

3.4. Software Defined Network (SDN)

1. Physically separate control plane and forwarding plane
2. The controller centrally manages multiple forwarding devices
3. Services and programs are deployed on the controller

3.5. Network Function Virtualization (NFV)

• Decoupling of software and hardware, dividing the functions of the network node hierarchy into blocks, and realizing in software, not limited to hardware architecture
• Let general hardware realize network function

3.6. The difference between SDN and NFV
SDN: mainly for the innovation of network architects
NFV: mainly for the innovation of equipment form

4. What challenges 5G technology is facing

4.1. Spectrum resources
Due to 4G and below 4G communication technologies, the spectrum bands used are all low frequency bands, resulting in the current low frequency bands being very crowded, and resources are basically exhausted. If 4G technology wants to seek better development, this spectrum resource must be resolved. The problem of insufficient.
Solution: In the past, high frequency band resources were rarely used. Only by better developing high frequency bands can 5G technology have better development prospects.

4.2. Application in new business areas
Due to the development of 5G technology, many new businesses have emerged in the society, such as unmanned driving in the URLLC field, industrial automation technology, etc. There are more needs in the mMTC field, and the eMBB field is important for improving user experience. And other needs.
Solution: Only after better development of 5G technology, more reliability, low latency, higher quantity, better utilization, and better transmission rate, can these problems be solved and better The realization of all aspects of 5G.

4.3.
The development of the application of 5G technology in new scenarios has given people close to life have new ideas, but many problems have also been discovered, such as insufficient coverage and incomplete coverage in ultra-dense networking As a result, the Internet of Things industry has problems that far exceed the scope of human activities, and the application and development of 5G in the field of aviation and drones are being studied.
Solution: Only by better perfecting the various core technologies of 5G and making 5G coverage more comprehensive can related problems be better solved.

4.4.
5G terminal equipment requirements The 5G field has begun to be designed into various industries, such as medical treatment, drones, artificial intelligence, remote control, etc. The terminals required in these fields also have greater demands and requirements for terminals It is also higher. For example, the R&D technology, R&D process and battery life of the terminal are all issues we are about to face.
Solution: Improve the 5G R&D technology, and the country of colleagues also strongly supports it. Only when more people learn and participate in the R&D industry can we solve this problem faster.

4.5. Security
in 5G applications In fact, many people will ask a question about the security issues in 5G applications. These can also be understood. After all, 5G is a new field, and it is normal to have this question.
Solution: Only by better handling known vulnerabilities, finding more unknown existing problems and solving problems, improving algorithms in various fields and improving 5G low-latency issues, can we better solve the security issues that everyone is worried about.

to sum up:

The 5G era is an epoch-making era. The emergence of 5G has made many things that were previously thought impossible appear more possibilities. Everything in the future, including any car, a light, an airplane, a monitor, etc., can pass 5G We can't predict the future through technology to connect and better realize intelligent development, but we can use our efforts to make a better network in the world, because the network determines the future development direction.