Source: Global Observation of Things
Summary: June 2, the State Council Information Office released the "China-US economic and trade negotiations of China's position" white paper. Recently, the Sino-US trade war intensified, smokeless war likely to be protracted. Insiders pointed out: "This 'war' behind, a key technology may be one of the main reasons the world's two largest economies trade war broke out." The key technology is the 5G communication technology.
At present, countries are vigorously promoting the construction of 5G network, including South Korea, the United States and other countries have achieved 5G business services. China has also entered the final stage, June 3, China's Ministry of Industry recently announced that it will release 5G commercial license.
It seems that this dispute 5G more violent than we wanted, 5G seems to have become a great power game winning hand.
You know, 5G far beyond the high-speed mobile network, which has been placed greater expectations, a lot of people treat it as a basic technical support for the next generation of high-tech core. June 14, 2018, international mobile telecommunications standards organization 3GPP approved the fifth generation of mobile communication technology standards independent networking capabilities freeze. This standard is referred to as a first phase, it supports enhanced mobile broadband high reliability and low latency things. And making process based on 3GPP standards published 5G network, but also need to develop the second phase of 5G standards in 2019, in order to meet all the requirements of ITU (International Telecommunication Union). In March 2020, will eventually form a complete standard, also means that the full commercial 5G.
Currently, 5G is gradually entering the global "beach landing" stage. April 12, US President Trump is shout "5G race has begun, the United States must win.", Also announced several plans to accelerate the deployment of 5G in the United States. Meanwhile, the US will release more wireless spectrum licenses and simplify communications facilities, in order to obtain the fifth generation of leadership in the communications technology field.
On the other hand, the United States of Qualcomm and China's Huawei has become 5G are standard heavy-class players. In fact, the Sino-US competition in the field of 5G has already begun in advance.
At the same time, our country has also been 5G commercial basis. June 3, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently announced the issuance of commercial licenses 5G, 5G China will officially enter the first year of business. Ministry of Industry, said: "adhere to independent innovation and open cooperation combining our 5G industry has a competitive advantage."
So for now, the two countries which have salient points in 5G technology?
First, the strategic plan comparison
United States--
美国对于5G的“野心”可谓天下皆知，政策力度也比较积极。4月，特朗普给出了一个具体计划：“美国通信业将在今年内部署92个5G市场，超过韩国的48个。”特朗普称，“根据一些预期，整个无线产业计划投入2750亿美元用于5G建设，同时创造300万个美国就业岗位，并为我们的经济贡献5000亿美元。”
其中，美联邦通信委员会的“5G快速计划”包括三个部分：释放频谱、建设更多小基站和部署光纤网。在频谱拍卖后，获得牌照的运营商还需建设大量新型基站，才能开始提供5G服务。此外，未来十年间将从现有补贴项目中拿出204亿美元给互联网服务商，以修建基础设施让400万农村家庭和小企业享受高速网络服务。
（图片来源：网友雇佣军）
美国联邦通信委员会在2018年11月，开始启动5G频谱拍卖，陆续发放5G牌照。该委员会主席阿吉特·帕伊也宣布，美国历史上最大规模的5G频谱拍卖将于2019年12月10日启动，除已公布将于今年拍卖的37GHz、39GHz和47GHz这三个高频段牌照外，还将新增3.4GHz的高频频谱。
目前，美国运营商AT&T和Verizon已经全力投入到5G网络中，另外两家运营商也计划在今年晚些时候激活他们的5G网络。
美国无线通信和互联网协会4月初发布的一份报告显示，美国在高频5G频谱方面领先，但中频频谱部署落后于中国等国家。高频段的特点是容量更高，但覆盖较窄，主要适用于在城市热点地区部署，中频频谱兼具高容量和广覆盖的特点，对发展5G也至关重要。
中国——
中国在通信技术的布局方面，步伐紧凑但又非过于激进。在频谱资源的划分上，2018年底，三大运营商在5G中低频段的频谱资源格局基本形成。
另外，在5G与行业落地探索方面，我国也积极推动5G与高精度定位、智能交通、车联网、安防和大视频等领域的结合试点，同时力促新型应用的爆发。
今年2月，中国联通宣布，在雄安新区开通了业界最大规模的4G/5G无线虚拟化外场试验网络。该试验网采用诺基亚无线云化接入方案，建设10个4G和40个5G基站，4G/5G基站均采用CU/DU（Central Unit, 集中单元/Distributed Unit, 分布式单元）分离架构，实现了4G/5G基站软件功能在通用硬件资源池上的共平台云化部署。
我国5G建设在技术试验阶段，诺基亚、爱立信、高通、英特尔等多家国外企业已深度参与。国内电信设备商华为、中兴通讯更是深度参与了三大电信运营商的5G试验网建设，以及众多行业应用打造。
5月24日，爱立信（中国）通信有限公司、中国移动通信集团广东有限公司、宝武集团广东韶关钢铁有限公司，在韶关签署战略合作框架协议，携手共建5G智慧钢厂，探索基于5G工业化创新应用的新模式、新标准、新机制，将韶钢打造成5G应用的创新示范基地。此外，爱立信还与中国电信签署了5G合作备忘录。
当然，中国三大运营商与政府的关系也更为紧密，因此政策的落实、利益的协调、频谱的划分，都有更强的主动权。
二、网络建设对比
美国——
美国在4G网络建设时，覆盖密度低，整体上稀疏不均，导致美国部分偏远的区域网络能力较差。这样导致他们的5G网络在很大一部分用来弥补4G时代的通讯网络不足的问题。
美国5G更倾向于NSA（非独立组网）方式。比如运营商Sprint的计划是在2019年采用2.5GHz频段，通过4G与5G双连接组网，即非独立组网来建设5G。
在最早冻结的5G NSA（非独立组网）下，5G无法单独工作，仅仅是作为4G的补充，分担4G的流量。美国采用的NSA组网模式可能无法支撑未来物联网和无人驾驶等应用场景。
中国——
我国的4G覆盖情况很好，不需要5G来弥补，我们5G真正的目的就是高速移动网络，服务于高速网络的应用。
我国运营商选择5G网络的态度不尽相同，以中国电信为例，其表态5G网络会优先选择SA方案组网，透过核心网交互操作实现4G和5G网络协同；中国联通还未确定，但根据各地5G实验网测试结果，大部分集中在NSA组网，其目标是希望快速建立5G网络。中国移动，对SA和NSA都进行测试，初期以NSA为主，但NSA无法支援某些5G新业务和新功能，因此中国移动也着手建置SA独立组网方案。
三、相关专利对比
美国——
在 5G 市场，美国、日本等其他国家放缓了专利申请脚步。德国专利数据机构IPlytics发布最新5G专利报告显示，截至2019年4月，美国专利数仅占 14％。
其中，通信企业“主力”高通仅申请了略超过8％的关键专利。不过，在通信领域，技术专利是累积的，即使发展到5G，3G和4G的专利也会继续使用。高通公司的优势不会瞬间消失。该公司第一季度专利授权业务销售额达11.22亿美元。
中国——
德国专利数据机构IPlytics发布最新5G专利报告显示，截至2019年4月，中国企业申请的5G通讯系统SEPs(标准关键专利)件数占全球34%，傲居全球第一。
根据数据可以看出，中国企业获得全球了5G专利收入的三分之一，同时在5G市场中的标准必要专利申请率将相较于4G市场有大幅提升。
值得注意的是，根据来自其他机构的报告判断，5G 时代的最大赢家可能是我国的华为。华为目前拥有全球15%以上的5G专利。
Speaking about Huawei's 5G technology, in fact, already begun layout. September 2017, Huawei completed China R & D testing 5G two-stage test all the tests, six areas of overall leader, with the highest cell capacity, lowest latency network, the largest number of network connections, the most comprehensive verification 5G band, most complete pre-commercial systems and applications richest 5G case.
April 2018, Huawei's successful global product 5G first CE-TEC (EU Directive radio equipment type approval) certificate. Huawei was the first pilot to complete 5G access test, and deploy together with China Mobile launched 5G commercial trial network in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong and other provinces and cities. 5G Huawei carrier solutions and 50GE, 200GE, FlexE, Segment Routing bearing 5G other new features have been fully validated in the existing network applications.
In the development of 3G, 4G technology, our country has been suppressed, in order to change this predicament, China's telecommunications companies to catch up. Seize the strategic high ground 5G research, it is conducive to China's telecommunications industry over the past few big but not strong look.
When China's telecommunications industry was a good development trend, the Huawei was America's "ban", break through the road full of challenges, but also must step in. However, the situation at hand may make Huawei and other companies turned to China's domestic suppliers, thus creating new opportunities for our technology.
Epilogue
In summary, the two countries in terms of basic 5G in the simultaneous development of patents on assessment indicators, network construction, China slightly better than the United States a few chips. The future competition will be more focus on technology clusters competition, who actually gain the initiative in the race faster, we will wait and see!
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