1. Understanding quality management
1. What is quality?
Quality is the degree to which a characteristic meets the requirements.
2. What is quality management?
Quality management is to guide and control the activities of the organization about the mutual quality system. Usually includes quality policy, quality objectives, quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, quality improvement.
3. What is inspection?
The inspection is through observation and judgment, and it is necessary to evaluate the conformity by combining measurement and experiment.
4. What is verification?
Verification is the determination that prescribed requirements have been met by providing objective evidence.
5. Definition of confirmation?
Validation is the determination that specific intended use and application requirements have been met by providing objective evidence.
2. Basic knowledge of QC
1. What is QC?
Simply put, it is quality management.
2. Development history of quality management
2.1 Understanding of quality management
Want to obtain quality must understand quality management, quality management from scratch, from single to system, has gone through several stages.
2, 1, 1 Quality inspection stage-QC (1920-1940)
Features: Professional inspection workers use various inspection techniques to carry out various inspections and tests on products in accordance with the provisions of technical documents. Make qualified and unqualified judgments, only qualified to leave the factory, to ensure that only qualified products reach customers.
Advantages: The unqualified products are cut off to the market.
Limitations: Can be "guarded", not "prevented".
2, 1, 2 Quality control phase SQM (1940-1960)
Features: The use of mathematical statistical methods in quality control is mainly due to the use of a large number of statistical techniques (Platograms, arrangement charts, layer charts, control charts) in the production process. Obtain quality fluctuation information through statistical methods, summarize and analyze this information, and take timely measures to eliminate the abnormal factors of fluctuation, increase the rate of qualified finished products, and reduce the loss caused by waste products.
Advantages: both can be checked. It can be prevented again.
2, 1, 3 Total Quality Management TQM (90s)
Features: With the development of science and technology, the emergence of large and complex machinery and new electronic products have caused people to put forward higher requirements for the performance of products such as safety, reliability, and maintainability. Quality control can no longer be controlled. To meet the above requirements, quality activities must be extended to market surveys, product design, and after-sales service to achieve quality control during product formation.
The meaning of total quality management is "customer-centric, leadership attention, full staff participation, full documentation, full process control, prevention-oriented, upper and lower processes are customers, everything for users" management ideas and concepts.
Advantages: Not only can the company ensure that the company continues to steadily produce products that meet the requirements of the regulations, but also fully meet the needs of customers.
Eight Principles of Total Quality Management A Customer-centricity B Leaders value C Full participation
D process method E system management F continuous improvement G based on practical facts H mutually beneficial supplier relationship.
2, 1, 4 ISO9000 stage (modern)
The organization promotes ISO in:
A. Strengthen quality management, improve enterprise efficiency, enhance customer confidence, and expand market share.
B obtained the international trade permit, eliminating international trade barriers.
C saves the energy and expense of the second party audit.
D is always invincible in the competition of product quality.
E effectively avoid responsibility.
F is conducive to international economic cooperation and technological exchanges.
The eight principles of the true meaning of ISO: "Customer-oriented, active participation of top management, full participation, full process control, system management, continuous improvement, fact-based, mutually beneficial supplier relationship."
3. Why set up QC
1. There is bad production
2. There is no place for production management.
3. The continuous improvement of customers' product requirements
4. Continuous improvement and improvement of technology
4. The role and responsibilities of QC
1. Check to distinguish defective products
2. Guide and supervise, communicate and coordinate the quality status
3. Provide data to reflect the quality status
4. Emphasize through reports (authenticity, completeness, and systematicity) to provide a basis for quality management decisions.
5. Provide reasonable suggestions for quality improvement.
5. Common QC scores and responsibilities
1. IQC incoming inspection
1. All the raw materials of the company are inspected, and all the external parts of the company are inspected in the factory.
1, 2 Dispose of defective products and scrapped products properly.
1, 3 Responsible for report, contact and preliminary confirmation of abnormal incoming materials.
1, 4 Arrange and save samples, process drawings, various materials, and work items.
1.5 Track the reply of abnormal contact of incoming materials and track the quality of incoming materials.
1, 6 Assisted management of suppliers.
1, 7 summarize the monthly, quarterly, and annual quality status, and inspect all raw materials of the company.
1, 8 Provide opinions and suggestions on the inspection method standards of raw materials and external parts.
1, 9 Inventory quality of raw materials and external parts.
1.10 Fill in the corresponding records, report to the relevant departments, and perform the tasks assigned by the supervisor.
2. PQC process inspection
2, 1 According to the inspection standards for all process products inspection and judgment.
2. 2 Defective products in the process.
2, 3 Supervise and inspect the implementation of technical processes in the production process.
2, 4 Suggestions and suggestions for improvement of process products, quality, inspection methods and standards.
2. Quality inventory of products in 5 storage processes.
2, 6 key special process product control, inspection and supervision.
2. 7 Arrange and save the model, process drawing materials, items, etc.
2, 8 Responsible for the report of abnormal quality, contact and preliminary confirmation, confirmation of improvement results.
2. 9 summarize the monthly, quarterly, and annual quality status, fill in the corresponding records, and report to the corresponding department.
2. 10 Carry out the tasks assigned by superiors, and be responsible for checking the "5S" of the area.
3. OQC shipment inspection
3. 1 Factory inspection and judgment of all finished products.
3. 2 Suggestions or suggestions for improvement of the inspection methods and standards of finished products.
3. 3 Timely feedback and tracking of abnormal quality.
3.4 Inventory work of finished product quality.
3. 5 Inspection and record of the conformity of the packaging, style, cabinet and label of the shipped product.
3, 6 Record the work tasks reported to the relevant departments to execute the "5S" in the office area, and the superiors to explain to them.
4. QA quality inspection
4.1 Formulate inspection standards for raw materials, external parts, process products and finished products.
4, 2 Formulate key special process operating standards.
4, 3 Properly handle customer complaints.
4.4 Supervise and guide the work of IQC, PQC and OQC.
4、5 Conduct internal quality inspection on the work of each department.
4, 6 Instruct suppliers to improve quality and coordinate management.
4, 7 Responsible for the analysis, improvement and correction of major quality problems.
4, 8 to perform the tasks assigned by the superior.
5. QE Quality Engineering
5.1 Provide a basis for quality planning.
5, 2 Analysis, improvement, and improve the quality of the organization.
5, 3 to verify the quality of product design and development.
5. 4 guidance, supervise the quality improvement of various departments.
Sixth, the quality of quality control personnel
1. Strong quality awareness. 2. Professional level. 3. Positive work attitude. 4. Learning ability.
5. Integrity, honesty and independence. 6. Have analytical skills, cooperation skills, organizational skills, emotional stability, and calmness.
7. Operation process and non-conforming product processing procedures.
1. Composing process
Prepare for inspection -------- Start inspection ---------- Identify problems ---------- Record problems -------- Identify problems-- ------ Reflect the problem ---------- The relevant department handles the problem ---------- tracks the problem ---------- verifies the problem.
2. Disposal procedures for non-conforming products
2, 1 special mining
2, 1, 1 special mining definition
That is, the product's specifications, models and colors do not meet the requirements, but it does not seriously affect the overall defects.
2, 1, 2 special mining process
Responsible department application --------- Relevant department review --------- Quality Department Approval ------- tracking of specially picked products.
Note: The quality is only qualified and unqualified. Tracking of specially picked products, including follow-up on process and usage.
2, 2 pick
2, 3 Rework repair use.
2, 4 scrapped (returned goods).
8. Working skills
1. Some mistakes: First of all, understand the contents of the day's work, what to do, what key points should be tested, and what problems you need to pay attention to before.
2. Process execution: The actual application of the inspection key to the work process and continuous improvement according to the actual situation.
3. Keep summing up: find out your own strengths and weaknesses, and find ways to make up for your weaknesses.
9. Methods of communication and handling
1. Focus on the mind: think empathically, focus on the heart, and focus on communication. On the premise of maintaining the product requirements, we must make progress with retreat and win step by step.
2. Use pressure to exert pressure: After using the attack to fail, use the requirements (authority) of the relevant leaders to press him.
3. Big stick policy: After the above two methods are invalid, the third method is used. Those who don't eat hard should be punished. Kill chickens and scare monkeys to establish authority.
Note: When using the second and third, remember to quarrel with the leaders of various departments.
10. Mixed use of PDCA 5W1H 5M1E and "5S" management
1. PDCA plan implementation inspection and processing
1. 1 P ------- PLAN plan: That is to carry out a work, start a business plan, design and come up with a mature plan. The scheme can generally include:
1) Theme and project;
2) Division with the organization: division of personnel and responsibilities;
3) Various suitable resources need to be deployed.
4) Development plan steps;
5) Plan the assessment of quantitative indicators of various steps.
1, 2 D ------- DO implementation: that is, execute the project according to the established plan.
1, 3 C ------- Check control and inspection: that is, check and control the implementation of the check according to the quantitative indicators and assessment methods of each step.
1, 4 A ----- Abminster improvement, treatment: Through inspection, found deficiencies in the actual operating state. Improve the plan, including two aspects:
1) Affirm the successful experience, and give standardized production operation instructions for easy follow-up in the future.
2) For unresolved problems, find out the reason, and the solution will become the content of the next PDCA cycle. It is so repeated that the work progresses continuously.
The content of the PDCA cycle. It is so repeated that the work progresses continuously.
Four stages of PDCA cycle
Plan implementation inspection process
Eight steps of PDCA
Analyze the cause, find the cause, the main reason, formulate the plan, execute the plan, execute the measures, check the work, investigate the effect, standardize, consolidate the achievements, and the remaining problems are transferred to the next period.
2. 5MIE man-machine material normal loop measurement
2, 1 know 5MIE
Due to the complexity of the entire process resulting from product quality, product quality is not constant, but fluctuates within a certain range. Quality management believes that 5MIE is the core cause of quality fluctuations. Among them, 5M refers to raw material factor, process method factor, operator factor, equipment factor and measurement method factor, IE refers to physical and chemical and other environmental factors, physical factors are usually objectively immutable, and chemical factors are Changed or changed frequently.
2, 2 5MIE meaning
MATERIAL --------- Raw materials
METHOD ----------- Technical method
MAN ----------------- Operator
MACHINE ---------- Equipment
MEASUREMENT ------ Five factors influencing product quality by measuring methods
ENVIRONMENT ---------- Environment
3、5W1H
3. 1 What -------------- Is there a problem with the purpose
3. 2 Why -------------- What is the problem
3. 3 Who ------------- Problems of people or organizations
3, 4 Where -------- The problem of location
3, 5 When ----------- The problem of time or period
3, 6 How ----------- problem of method
4. 5S management
4, 1 know 5S
The meaning of 5S: start with small things and do everything carefully and carefully.
4, 2 5S each S is
Clean up, clean up and clean literacy
4, 2, 1 rearrangement (SEIRI)
Dispose of items that can never be used
Keep items that have not been used for a long time, but have potential availability, in the designated locations.
Keep frequently used special products in easy-to-find places (can be found in 30 seconds)
4, 2, 2 Rectification (SEITON)
There should be a general plan for the layout of the site and a plan drawing.
There should be an overall plan for the placement of materials and articles.
The division of the area shall be marked.
Different materials should be properly identified to distinguish.
The materials should be placed neatly and beautifully.
The placement of documents, records and other items should be planned.
File cabinets should be neat and need to be identified.
The drawers should be neat and not cluttered.
To set up the file bulletin board.
4, 2, 3 clean (SEISO)
The floor should be cleaned; the walls should be cleaned; the materials should be free of dust; the material racks should be cleaned; the ventilation should be good to maintain a dry and fresh working environment.
Workers' work surfaces should be cleaned, equipment should be cleaned, light should be sufficient, desks should be cleaned, and filing cabinets should be cleaned.
The drawer should be cleaned, and the file records should not be dirty.
4, 2, 4 SEIKETSU
Check regularly; dress neatly; employees must wear employee cards.
Correct the non-conformance in time.
4, 2, 5 SHITSUKE
Persist in working 5S1 minutes and off work 5S1 minutes.
Civilized manners, polite language; active and enthusiastic work; strong time concept; complete production tasks on time, and do not be late for meetings.
