IOS and VRP study notes (to be combined with PPT courseware)
Simulator
GNS3: running IOS, recommendations NA NP stage use, CISCO
EVE-NG: IE stage uses, CISCO CCIE examination using
ENSP: Run VRP, recommendations IA IP IE, HW
HCL：H3C
Network equipment hardware
- Huawei will merge the NVRAM and FLASH
- New equipment CPU, memory X86 architecture
- Network equipment hardware
- FLASH
- Storage devices
- operating system
- Other files
- NVRAM
- Storage profile
- RAM
- RAM
- ROM
- Power guide
- FLASH
- IOS system upgrade
- FTP mode to upgrade
- Card Reader
- View device configuration commands
- Run memory
- CISCO show running-config
- HW display current-configuration
- NVRAM
- SCISCO write running-config -> startup-config
- HW save
- Run memory
- CISCO command
- Common mode of operation: abbreviated command line, the difference tab completion, a question mark
- User mode (>)
- Permissions small
- Limited permission to view
- Privileged mode (#)
- All viewing mode
- Some commonly used commands
- sh run
- sh ip int br
- sh ip route
- disable
- Global configuration mode ((config) #)
- Configure the device
- Preceded do use the privileged mode command
- Some commonly used commands
- router ospf 1
- router bgp 1
- ip route xx.xx.xx.xx xx.xx.xx.xx xx.xx.xx.xx
- exit ctrl+z
- HW command
- View Mode (>) (quit)
- View Permissions
- Configuration Mode (]) (SYS enter)
- Configure the device, view permissions
- View this mode command
- dis th
- View Mode (>) (quit)
- CRT ait hold the number key switch window +
- CISCO
- Configuration
- conf t enter global configuration mode
- int f0 / 0 interface to enter
- no sh open port
- ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 IP address configuration
- Check the configuration state
- sh ip int br
- test
- ping 192.168.1.1
- Ethereal look
- Configuration
- HW
- Configuration
- sys enter configuration mode
- int g0 / 0/0 interface to enter
- undo sh open port
- ip add 192.168.1.1 24 ip address configuration
- Check the configuration state
- dis ip int br
- test
- ping 192.168.1.1
- Ethereal look
- Configuration
IP address numbers
- IP addresses basic content
- IP addresses
- ipv4
- Household-level export gateway 192.168.1.1
- Enterprise-level export gateway 192.168.1.254
- ipv6
- ipv4
- Private network and public network
- Private network
- Intranet use: 192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1
- Any use
- Internet
- Extranet use: 114.114.114.114 ......
- Operator application: automatic distribution, non-fixed IP address, a fixed IP
- Private network
- All things Internet
- Mobile phones, computers, TV ....
- New networking: washing machines, refrigerators, fans, air conditioners
- Now connections: ipv4, central structure
- Next-generation connections: ipv6, all devices are globally unique ipv6
- Ary
- BIN Binary
- OCT octal
- Decimal DEC
- Hex HEX
- IP addresses
- IP address is divided
- network segment
- Network segment
- The same network segment, the same broadcast domain, at the same switch can be accessed directly, without going through intermediate gateways
- The computer determines the destination network address, and then make their own comparison, the same as found
- Direct access to the same network segment, ARP broadcast destination address, ARP table query destination address
- Network part of the same network segment
- Different network segments
- The same broadcast domain, the switch sends to the gateway, the gateway through an intermediate
- The computer determines the destination network address, and then make their own comparison, find different
- Different network segments to the gateway, ARP broadcast gateway address, ARP table query Gateway
- The network part is different on different network segments
- Mask
- Dividing network and host portions
- 255.0.0.0 8
- 255.255.0.0 16
- 255.255.255.0 24
- 255.255.255.255 32
- network segment
- Host part is zero
- Mask
- 192.168.1.1
- Network section 192.168.1.
- Host part 0
- Network address 192.168.1.0
- Segment 192.168.1.0 / 24
- Professional terms
- Current network: real network, network operation
- Network segment
- network segment
- IP addresses have the class
- Unicast Address
- Can be configured to use, may be passed one
- Using TCP / IP
- A first set of 0xxx xxxx 0000 0000 Minimum Maximum Default 8 01111111 range 1-126
- B group 10xx xxxx 1000 0000 Minimum Maximum Default 10111111 range 128-191 16
- 110x xxxx 1111 1111 Maximum Minimum 11000000 range 192-223 C a first set of default 24
- Multicast address
- D
- Many can be passed
- Use UDP
- Special Address
- Special Purpose
- Default route 0.0.0.0/0
- Local loopback address 127.xx.xx.xx
- Three broadcast address 255.255.255.255 equipment all three segments
- Layer data link layer broadcast address FF: FF: FF: FF: FF: FF
- Network Address: the network part unchanged, the host part is 0, the mask mark with network can not be configured using
- Local broadcast address: network portion unchanged, the host portion are all binary 1, the same process for the three-segment
- Unicast Address
- There are private addresses and address
- Private address
- Relative any planning
- Between different networks can be repeated
- range
- A 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 or 10.0.0.0/8
- B 172.16.0.0-172.31.0.0 or 172.168.0.0/12
- C 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 or 192.168.0.0/16
- Public address
- In addition to the private network address of address
- Public use
- Private address
- Classless
- For example a Class A address 1.0.131.0/24 classless
- VLSM
- Variable length subnet mask
- IP addresses can be less available, the number of segments increases
- CIDR (Super Network)
- Variable short subnet mask
- Available IP addresses can be more, fewer number of segments
- Network segment
- Network address and mask must be in the same network segment
- Network address and the mask is not the same is not necessarily the same network segment
- Routers broadcast with isolation function (two, three)
- Host Address Available formula: 2 ^ (32-bit mask) -2
- After the number of segments calculated VLSM: 2 ^ (mask bit longer before - after the mask bit variable length)
- Special Internet mask section / two 30 bits available host
- Logical segment / 32 loop, router-id, bgp neighbor
- Business segments: hosts, printers, servers, mobile phones .....