Host Planning and disk partition

Hardware device file name in Linux

  In the Linux system, each device is made when a file to be treated.

  Normal physical machine are probably use / dev / sd [a-] disk file name, as under virtual machine environment, in order to accelerate, might use the / dev / vd [ap] Such a device file name!

MBR (MS-DOS) and GPT partition table (partition table)

  Disks above the disk can be subdivided into a sector (Sector) and the track (Track) two kinds of units, wherein the physical sector designed with two sizes, namely 512bytes and 4Kbytes.

• The main boot record area (Master the Boot the Record, the MBR) : You can install local boot manager, there are 446 bytes
• Partition table (Partition Table) : the entire recording state of the hard disk partition pieces, since there are only 64 bytes 64 bytes capacity where the partition table block, so there is only a maximum of four recording areas, each recording area of the segment number of cylinders start and end.

  Because the partition table is only 64 bytes only, a maximum of four pen accommodating the recording partitions, the recording of the four partitions referred to primary (Primary) or extension (Extended) partition slots. In fact, the so-called "partition" is set for only 64 bytes of the partition table it!

• The default hard disk partition table information can be written only four partitions
• This four partition information we call the main (Primary) or extended (Extended) partition slots
• The smallest unit of partition slots "normal" for the cylinders (cylinder)
• When the system is to be written to disk, disk partition table will refer to in order to process data for a partition groove

The main characteristics of the MBR partition, logical partitions extending partition we make a simple definition of La:

• Primary partition and extended partition can have up to four pens (hard limit)
• Extending partition can have at most one (operating system limitation)
• A logical partition is a partition extending continuously cutting out the partition groove;
• After it is formatted as a data access channel to a primary partition and partition logical partition. Extending partition can not be formatted;
• The number of logical partitions depending on your operating system, Linux system can break SATA hard disk has more than 63 of the zoning restrictions

The boot process the BIOS on startup detection program UEFI

The entire boot process to action before the operating system should look like this:

1. BIOS: active boot firmware executed, will recognize the first device may be a boot;
2. MBR: a first primary boot record power blocks within a sector of the first device, containing boot manager;
3. Boot manager (boot loader): a core file can be read by software executed;
4. Core file: start the operating system functions ...

RECAP

• Purchase the new computer hardware equipment, point of view to consider are "gaming machines / machine work", "performance / price ratio," "performance / wattage consumption", "support" and so on;
• The old hardware with the problem may be due to preservation or aging of electronic parts, causing the computer system is unknown when the machine is very likely to occur in the course of
• Red Hat hardware support: https://hardware.redhat.com/?pagename=hcl
• In the Linux system, each device is treated as a file, each device will have a device file name.
• Disk device file name is usually divided into two types, the actual SATA / USB device file named / dev / sd [ap], which means virtual machines may be / dev / vd [ap]
• The first sector of the disk recording two main important information, namely: (1) the main boot record area (Master Boot Record, MBR):
• Place to install the boot manager, there are 446 bytes (1) partition table (Partition Table) : the entire recording state hard drives partition has 64 bytes;
• MBR disk partitioning mainly extending partition can have a maximum of four, the device file name of a logical partition number, starting from a certain number 5;
• If the disk capacity is greater than 2TB above, will be automatically processed using GPT partition partitioning.
• GPT partition has been no extension of the concept of logical partitions slot, you can imagine as all the partitions are the main partition!
• When certain operating systems to be used GPT partition, you must format to match the new UEFI BIOS before the installation.
• Boot process consists of: BIOS - the core files>> MBR -> - -> boot loader;
• boot loader functions are: to provide menus, loaded core, the care of control to another loader
• Location boot loader may be mounted to two, namely the MBR boot sector
• Linux operating system's file system using the directory tree, corresponding to the disk requires action "mount" the job;
• Simple partition novice, it is recommended as long as there / and swap partitions two slots can be