A, esp namely EFI System Partition
1, the full name of the EFI system partition, abbreviated as ESP. msr partition itself does not do any work, it is a veritable Reserved Partition. Although ESP is a physical partition FAT16 or FAT32 format, but its identity is the partition EF (hexadecimal) instead of the normal 0E or 0C.
Therefore, the partition in the Windows operating system in general is not visible. Supports EFI mode from ESP computer needs to boot the system, EFI EFI firmware can be loaded to start the program and applications from ESP.
2, ESP is independent of the operating system other than the partition, the operating system after being guided, it is no longer dependent. This makes the ESP is ideal for those used to store system-level tools and data maintenance, such as: lead management, drivers, system maintenance tools, system backup, or even install a special operating system in ESP.
3, ESP can also be seen as a safe hidden partition, you can boot the hypervisor, system maintenance tools, system recovery tools and mirroring into ESP, can create their own "one key recovery system." Moreover, not only can DIY their own, but also more convenient and versatile.
Two, msr partition is reserved partition (Microsoft Reserved Partition, acronym MSR) that is Microsoft Reserved (MSR) partition.
1, windows not to msr partitions create a file system or write data, but in order to adjust the structure of the partition reserved partition. When more than Win8 system updates, detects msr partition. the partition msr is essentially written in the partition table above the "unallocated space", the purpose is to let others do not want to tamper with Microsoft.
2, the purpose is to prevent the partition msr GPT disk to an old system, is treated as an unformatted hard disk space continue to operate (e.g., reformat) result in data loss. With this partition on a GPT disk, access it when the old XP system, you will be prompted unrecognized disk can not be further action.
Extended Information:
disk partition:
The main storage device to store information in computers is hard, but the hard disk can not be used directly on the hard drive must be divided into areas of the hard disk is a piece of disk partitions. In traditional disk management, will partition a hard disk into two categories: primary and extended partitions.
Primary partition is able to install the operating system, the computer can be activated partition, such a partition can be directly formatted, and then install the system , the direct file storage.
purpose:
Zoning allows multiple file systems on a disk. There are many reasons to do so:
1, in favor of management, systems typically put a single area, such as the system area only place system, other districts will not be affected by the performance of the system disk disk fragmentation occurs.
2, due to technical limitations (such as older versions of Microsoft's FAT file systems can not access more than certain amount of disk space; the old PC BIOS does not allow to start the operating system from the hard disk of more than 1024 cylinders of position)
3, if a logical partition appears damaged, only the damaged partition instead of the entire hard drive is affected.
4, in some operating systems (such as Linux) to exchange files usually it is a partition. In this case, the dual-boot configuration of the system allows several operating systems to use the same swap partition to save disk space.
5, avoid excessive log files or other computer malfunction causes the entire fill, put them in a separate partition, so that a partition may only emerge out of space.
6, the two operating systems often do not exist on the same partition or use different "native" disk formats. For different operating systems, the disk is divided into different logical disks.
7, many file systems use a fixed-size cluster file written to disk, the partition size and file system size of these clusters is directly proportional. If the file size is not an integer multiple of a cluster size, file cluster group will have the last free space can not be used by other files.
In this way, the use of cluster file system allows files on the disk space occupied by them beyond the space occupied in memory, and the larger the partition means that the larger the cluster size and greater waste of space. Therefore, the use of several smaller partitions rather than a large partition space can be saved.
8, each partition can be customized according to different needs. For example, if a partition inside rarely write data, you can load it as read-only. If you want many small files, you need to use many of the node file system partitions.
9, running on Unix multi-user system, it may be necessary to prevent the user's hard link attack. For this purpose, / home and / tmp file system path must be separated, such as in / var and / etc.
Partition type:
After the hard disk partition, will form three kinds of forms of partition status; i.e. primary partitions, extended partitions and non-DOS partition.
Non-DOS partition:
Central Africa DOS partition on the hard disk (Non-DOS Partition) is a special form of partition, which is a region of the hard disk is divided out for another operating system alone, the operating system in terms of the primary partition, is by a division out of storage space. Only non-operating system to manage the storage and use of this area DOS partition.
Primary partition:
Primary partition is a relatively simple partition, usually located in a front region of the hard disk constituting the logical disk C. Where the master boot program is part of it, this section of the program is mainly used for testing the accuracy of the hard disk partition, and to determine the active partition, is responsible for handing over to the active partition boot DOS or other operating systems.
This section will not damage the program, but after floppy or CD-ROM drive can read and write the boot from the hard drive.
Extended partition:
The concept of extended partition is relatively complicated, very easily lead to confusion hard disk partition and logical disks; partition table fourth partition type byte value, the normal bootable DOS partition substantially greater than 32mb value of 06, expanded DOS partition value is 05. If the basic DOS partition type to 05 can not boot the system and can not read and write the data.
If 06 was changed to DOS does not recognize the type as efh, it is believed that the DOS partition is not a DOS partition, of course, can not read and write. Many people use this type of value to achieve a single partition of encryption technology, to restore the original value of the correct type can make the partition back to normal.
Disk partition management:
Disk partition management has been unable to fully meet the needs of the system, so the operating system division has a variety of new methods of disk management. For example, there have been windows management method for dynamic disks, linux LVM's management and so on.