Operating system evolution of
a single-user system: a user can only run support program. Providing on-line interactive user environment, such as: DOS
batch systems: users will no longer interact with a number of jobs to be submitted after the operating system, automatically run by the operating system, improve system
operating efficiency
multi-channel programming system: process control CPU processing sequence
sharing system: increase system utilization, CPU operating system controlling processing sequence
PC: per user corresponds to a system, cheap, easy to use
distributed computing: a plurality of systems corresponding to each user, the cloud, large data processing
Three server operating system
Windows:
Linux: the GNU / Linux
Unix: 1969 Nian Thompson Ken
System: Bell Lab
AIX (IBM)
the Solaris (SUN)
the HP-UX (the HP)
BSD: (BsrG) Berkeley System Distribution's
NetBSD
OpenBSD
FreeBSD
Multics (multiple information computing system) 1964 Bell MIT GE started 1969 aground
Unix year 1970
1969 Unix prototype UNICS
Ken Thompson assembly language B language
1973 officially named Unix
Dennis Ritchie C language
1977 BSD
Berkeley Software Distribution's Berkeley
1979 System V architecture Copyright
HP-UNIX IBM AIX "does not provide students with the source code to" take back Copyright
1984 Minix operating system
Department of computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam S. Tanenbaum Andrew
The GNU the GNU IS Not Unix recursive definition of free and open source is free to use
1984 by the Richard Stallman initiated and created
the goal is to write a lot of Unix systems compatible with free software
official website: HTTP: //www.gnu.org
GPL: the GNU General Public License used to modify GPL must comply with
the Free Software Foundation: Free Software Foundation
allows any user to copy, transfer, modify and redistribute
software based on free software to modify the release again, need to comply with GPL
LGPL: Lesser General public License, GPL LGPL relative to the more relaxed, not allowed to disclose the full source code
GNU operating system:
Hurd: Hird (Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth) of Unix-Replacing Daemons has not completed! Completion is always more important than perfect!
richard Stallman to the endless search for the perfect kernel, and forget the original purpose HURD: the use of the operating system
Linux
1991 October 5 Linus Benedict Torvalds posted a message on comp.os.minix newsgroups, formally announced outside his own
complete freedom born free kernel written (Freeminix-like kernel sources for 386 -AT) - FREAX, the meaning of the grotesque
, the monsters, whimsical Unix-like kernel, released under the GPL
official website: www.kernel.org
Linux operating system:
a complete UNIX-like operating system
Linux kernel + GNU tools = Linux / GNU
as: CentOS, Ubuntu, Android
Linux kernel version consisting of
major version number Minor version number of vendors end version version packaged version number
Linux command
uname -r
CentOS kernel version pursuit of stability, slower updates. Ubuntu kernel version newer.