dependency management
As large as the entire App, as small as a function. As long as it can be reused to reduce the workload of repeated development, it can be extracted as a component library and reused in the form of a library or package.
Dependency management tools focus on components or libraries 名称, 版本, 仓库源(local or remote), declare dependent libraries in configuration files, and library versions, and manage the upgrade of dependent libraries.
Main functions of dependency management
- Automatic download and update: As the complexity of the project increases and the number of dependencies is huge, automatic download and update of dependencies and installation of dependencies can bring about a huge improvement in development efficiency.
- Use visual configuration files for library and version management
- Component version conflicts: Integrating multiple components at the same time, there is a possibility of version conflicts between components, and it is necessary to support the automatic conflict resolution function.
The following introduces the dependency management tools commonly used in App development
CocoaPods
The most popular dependency manager for iOS/MacOS projects, built with Ruby, supports
XCodedevelopment tools.
Official website address: Cocoapods
Install using the following command
sudo gem install cocoapods
Configuration file Podfile
platform :ios, '8.0'
use_frameworks!
target 'MyApp' do
pod 'AFNetworking', '~> 3.2'
pod 'FMDB', '~> 2.7'
pod 'SwiftyJSON', '~> 4.1'
end
Run the following command to install dependencies
pod install
Gradle
Java、Kotlin C++or in any language of your choice. A package management tool that can be deployed on any platform.
Automate using Gradle's rich API and mature ecosystem of plugins and integrations. Model, integrate and systematize the end-to-end delivery of software
The following development tools are supported:
- Android Studio
- I understand the idea
- Eclipse
- NetBeans
GoogleIntroduction Documentation: Gradle
configuration file:build.gradle
plugins {
id 'com.android.application' // Android程序
id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' // 支持Kotlin
}
android {
namespace 'com.baidu.gradlex'
compileSdk 32
defaultConfig { // App信息
applicationId "com.baidu.gradlex"
minSdk 23
targetSdk 32
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
kotlinOptions {
jvmTarget = '1.8'
}
}
dependencies { // 依赖库
implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.4.1'
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.5.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.3'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
}
pub
Pub is the most commonly used dependency management tool in
Flutterand Dartdevelopment. It covers various plug-ins commonly used in Flutter development, making it easy for developers to quickly introduce and reuse them.
Official website address: flutter pub cn
Installation: Flutter plugin comes with
configuration file:pubspec.yaml
name: flutter_luckin_coffee
description: flutter luckin coffee application
version: 1.0.0+1
environment:
sdk: ">=2.10.0 <3.0.0"
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
cupertino_icons: ^1.0.4
flutter_swiper: 1.1.6
pull_to_refresh: ^2.0.0
json_annotation: ^4.5.0
dart_mock: ^2.0.0
get: ^4.6.3
dev_dependencies:
flutter_test:
sdk: flutter
test: any
build_runner: ^2.1.11
json_serializable: ^6.2.0
flutter:
uses-material-design: true
assets: // 图片资源
- lib/assets/images/
- lib/assets/images/home/
- lib/assets/images/menu/
- lib/assets/images/mine/
- lib/assets/images/order/
Download and update the pub repository
flutter pub get
flutter pub upgrade
brew
Homebrew is a free and open source package management system written by Max Howell in Ruby to simplify the software installation process on macOS systems. In the early days, Homebrew was only available for MacOS, and later a Linux version was introduced.
Official website address: github
Install
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
Download and install the package
brew search 关键词 // 搜索软件包
brew install 软件名 // 安装
pip
PythonA package management tool that provides functions for finding, downloading, installing, and uninstalling Python packages.
Official website and introduction page
npm
Node.jsThe package management tool, its birth also greatly promoted the development of the front-end, and npm is inseparable from the modern front-end development.
Official website address: npmjs
Installation: download the installation package from the official website
// 查看npm版本
npm -v
// 安装软件包
npm install <package_name>
RubyGems
RubyA package manager, the packages or dependencies it manages are called gems.
gem install nokogiri
Maven
Maven – Welcome to Apache Maven
Maven project object model ( POM), a project management tool software that can manage project construction, reporting and documentation through a small piece of description information.
In addition to featuring program building capabilities, Maven also provides advanced project management tools. Due to the high reusability of Maven's default build rules, simple projects can often be built with two or three lines of Maven build scripts.
As a construction tool, Maven can not only help us automate the construction, but also abstract the construction process and provide construction task realization; it is cross-platform and provides a consistent operation interface externally, all of which are enough to make it an excellent and popular construction tool.
Maven is not only a build tool, but also a dependency management tool and project management tool. It provides a central warehouse and can help me download components automatically.