windows中使用multiprocessing报错 RuntimeError:An attempt has been made to start a new process before ...

windows环境下使用multiprocessing报错：

RuntimeError: 
        An attempt has been made to start a new process before the
        current process has finished its bootstrapping phase.

        This probably means that you are not using fork to start your
        child processes and you have forgotten to use the proper idiom
        in the main module:

            if __name__ == '__main__':
                freeze_support()
                ...

multiprocessing的使用在Linux和mac中都可以直接使用，但是在windows中，必须加上if __name__ == ‘__main__’:

if __name__ == ‘__main__’:加在p=Process()或pool = mp.Pool(4)之前，并把之后的执行语句全放到if以内。

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from multiprocessing import Pool
import os, time, random

def worker(msg):
    t_start = time.time()
    print("%s开始执行,进程号为%d" % (msg,os.getpid()))
    # random.random()随机生成0~1之间的浮点数
    time.sleep(random.random()*2) 
    t_stop = time.time()
    print(msg,"执行完毕，耗时%0.2f" % (t_stop-t_start))

if __name__ == '__main__':

    po = Pool(3)  # 定义一个进程池，最大进程数3
    for i in range(0, 10):
        # Pool().apply_async(要调用的目标,(传递给目标的参数元祖,))
        # 每次循环将会用空闲出来的子进程去调用目标
        po.apply_async(worker, (i,))

    print("----start----")
    po.close()  # 关闭进程池，关闭后po不再接收新的请求
    po.join()  # 等待po中所有子进程执行完成，必须放在close语句之后
    print("-----end-----")

之前的代码：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from multiprocessing import Pool
import os, time, random

def worker(msg):
    t_start = time.time()
    print("%s开始执行,进程号为%d" % (msg,os.getpid()))
    # random.random()随机生成0~1之间的浮点数
    time.sleep(random.random()*2) 
    t_stop = time.time()
    print(msg,"执行完毕，耗时%0.2f" % (t_stop-t_start))


po = Pool(3)  # 定义一个进程池，最大进程数3
for i in range(0, 10):
    # Pool().apply_async(要调用的目标,(传递给目标的参数元祖,))
    # 每次循环将会用空闲出来的子进程去调用目标
    po.apply_async(worker, (i,))

print("----start----")
po.close()  # 关闭进程池，关闭后po不再接收新的请求
po.join()  # 等待po中所有子进程执行完成，必须放在close语句之后
print("-----end-----")