[Swift Weekly Contest 122]LeetCode987. 二叉树的垂序遍历 | Vertical Order Traversal of a Binary Tree

Given a binary tree, return the vertical order traversal of its nodes values.

For each node at position (X, Y), its left and right children respectively will be at positions (X-1, Y-1)and (X+1, Y-1).

Running a vertical line from X = -infinity to X = +infinity, whenever the vertical line touches some nodes, we report the values of the nodes in order from top to bottom (decreasing Y coordinates).

If two nodes have the same position, then the value of the node that is reported first is the value that is smaller.

Return an list of non-empty reports in order of X coordinate.  Every report will have a list of values of nodes.

Example 1:

Input: [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
Output: [[9],[3,15],[20],[7]]
Explanation: 
Without loss of generality, we can assume the root node is at position (0, 0):
Then, the node with value 9 occurs at position (-1, -1);
The nodes with values 3 and 15 occur at positions (0, 0) and (0, -2);
The node with value 20 occurs at position (1, -1);
The node with value 7 occurs at position (2, -2).

Example 2:

Input: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Output: [[4],[2],[1,5,6],[3],[7]]
Explanation: 
The node with value 5 and the node with value 6 have the same position according to the given scheme.
However, in the report "[1,5,6]", the node value of 5 comes first since 5 is smaller than 6.

Note:

1. The tree will have between 1 and 1000 nodes.
2. Each node's value will be between 0 and 1000.

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给定二叉树，按垂序遍历返回其结点值。

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对位于 (X, Y) 的每个结点而言，其左右子结点分别位于 (X-1, Y-1) 和 (X+1, Y-1)。

把一条垂线从 X = -infinity 移动到 X = +infinity ，每当该垂线与结点接触时，我们按从上到下的顺序报告结点的值（ Y 坐标递减）。

如果两个结点位置相同，则首先报告的结点值较小。

按 X 坐标顺序返回非空报告的列表。每个报告都有一个结点值列表。

示例 1：

输入：[3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
输出：[[9],[3,15],[20],[7]]
解释： 
在不丧失其普遍性的情况下，我们可以假设根结点位于 (0, 0)：
然后，值为 9 的结点出现在 (-1, -1)；
值为 3 和 15 的两个结点分别出现在 (0, 0) 和 (0, -2)；
值为 20 的结点出现在 (1, -1)；
值为 7 的结点出现在 (2, -2)。

示例 2：

输入：[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
输出：[[4],[2],[1,5,6],[3],[7]]
解释：
根据给定的方案，值为 5 和 6 的两个结点出现在同一位置。
然而，在报告 "[1,5,6]" 中，结点值 5 排在前面，因为 5 小于 6。

提示：

1. 树的结点数介于 1 和 1000 之间。
2. 每个结点值介于 0 和 1000 之间。

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Runtime: 20 ms

Memory Usage: 4.1 MB

 1 /**
 2  * Definition for a binary tree node.
 3  * public class TreeNode {
 4  *     public var val: Int
 5  *     public var left: TreeNode?
 6  *     public var right: TreeNode?
 7  *     public init(_ val: Int) {
 8  *         self.val = val
 9  *         self.left = nil
10  *         self.right = nil
11  *     }
12  * }
13  */
14 class Solution {
15     var hi:[[Int]] = [[Int]]()
16     func verticalTraversal(_ root: TreeNode?) -> [[Int]] {
17         dfs(root, 0, 0)
18         hi.sort(by:sortArray)
19         var ret:[[Int]] = [[Int]]()
20         var i:Int = 0
21         while(i < hi.count)
22         {
23             var j:Int = i
24             while(j < hi.count && hi[j][1] == hi[i][1])
25             {
26                 j += 1
27             }
28             var item:[Int] = [Int]()
29             for k in i..<j
30             {
31                 item.append(hi[k][0])
32             }
33             ret.append(item)
34             i = j
35         }
36         return ret
37     }
38     
39     func sortArray(_ a:[Int],_ b:[Int]) -> Bool
40     {
41         if a[1] != b[1] {return a[1] < b[1]}
42         if a[2] != b[2] {return a[2] > b[2]}
43         return a[0] < b[0]
44     }
45     
46     func dfs(_ cur: TreeNode?,_ x:Int,_ y:Int)
47     {
48         if cur == nil {return}
49         hi.append([cur!.val,x,y])
50         dfs(cur!.left, x-1, y-1)
51         dfs(cur!.right, x+1, y-1)
52     }
53 }