OpenGL3之——三角形（无法解析的外部符号 __imp__glClear@4，该符号在函数 _main 中被引用）

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 如果上面想用glew32s.lib静态库而不是用动态库，就得加上glut.h，否则出现

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错误    LNK2019    无法解析的外部符号 __imp__glClear@4，该符号在函数 _main 中被引用  

个人认为这些函数在glew和glfw中找不到，而这些函数定义在glut.h实用库中，在下面加上glut完美解决

#include <iostream>
// GLEW
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"glew32s.lib")
// GLFW
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"glfw3.lib")
#include <GL/glut.h>//如果上面想用glew32s.lib静态库而不是用动态库，就得加上glut.h，原因不明，明白的可以评论到下面，谢谢
// Function prototypes
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode);

// Window dimensions
const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;

// Shaders
const GLchar* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";
const GLchar* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 color;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"color = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";

// The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop
int main()
{
	// Init GLFW
	glfwInit();
	// Set all the required options for GLFW
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);

	// Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	// Set the required callback functions
	glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);

	// Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions
	glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
	// Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers
	glewInit();

	// Define the viewport dimensions
	int width, height;
	glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);


	// Build and compile our shader program
	// Vertex shader
	GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(vertexShader);
	// Check for compile time errors
	GLint success;
	GLchar infoLog[512];
	glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success)
	{
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	// Fragment shader
	GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
	// Check for compile time errors
	glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success)
	{
		glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	// Link shaders
	GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
	// Check for linking errors
	glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success) {
		glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
	glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);


	// Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers
	GLfloat vertices[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // Left  
		 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // Right 
		 0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f  // Top   
	};
	GLuint VBO, VAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	// Bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s) and attribute pointer(s).
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // Note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the currently bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind

	glBindVertexArray(0); // Unbind VAO (it's always a good thing to unbind any buffer/array to prevent strange bugs)

	// Game loop
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		// Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions
		glfwPollEvents();

		// Render
		// Clear the colorbuffer
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		// Draw our first triangle
		glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
		glBindVertexArray(0);

		// Swap the screen buffers
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
	}
	// Properly de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	// Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW.
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

// Is called whenever a key is pressed/released via GLFW
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
	if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}

glad.h版本

#include <iostream>
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"glfw3.lib")

using namespace std;

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";
const char *fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";

int main() {
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	

	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
	if (window == NULL) {
		cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)){
		cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

	
	//创建顶点缓存对象用来管理分配到的顶点缓存空间
	//创建一个着色器对象
	GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(vertexShader);
	int success;
	char infoLog[512];
	glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success) {
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	//创建一个片段着色器
	GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
	glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success) {
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	//创建着色器程序
	GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
	//链接着色器
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
	glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success) {
		glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
	glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
	GLfloat vertices[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
		 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f
	};
	GLuint VAO, VBO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	//链接顶点属性
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
	glBindVertexArray(0);

	

	

	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
		processInput(window);

		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {
	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow* window) {
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS) {
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
	}
}

 画四边形

#include <iostream>
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"glfw3.lib")

using namespace std;

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";
const char *fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";

int main() {
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	

	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
	if (window == NULL) {
		cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)){
		cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

	
	//创建顶点缓存对象用来管理分配到的顶点缓存空间
	//创建一个着色器对象
	GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(vertexShader);
	int success;
	char infoLog[512];
	glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success) {
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	//创建一个片段着色器
	GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
	glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success) {
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	//创建着色器程序
	GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
	//链接着色器
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
	glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success) {
		glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
	glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
	float vertices[] = {
	0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,   // 右上角
	0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  // 右下角
	-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // 左下角
	-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f   // 左上角
	};

	unsigned int indices[] = { // 注意索引从0开始! 
		0, 1, 3, // 第一个三角形
		1, 2, 3  // 第二个三角形
	};
	GLuint VAO, VBO, EBO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//三角形顶点数据
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//顶点索引数据
	//链接顶点属性
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
	glBindVertexArray(0);

	

	

	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
		processInput(window);

		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		//glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
		glBindVertexArray(0);
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {
	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow* window) {
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS) {
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
	}
}

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