本文为美国弗吉尼亚理工大学（作者：Arman Roshan）的电子工程硕士论文，共135页。
如今，由于对电力需求的不断增加，小型分布式发电（DG）系统正变得越来越普遍。小型DG系统通常建造在靠近最终用户的地方，它们利用不同的能源，如风能和太阳能。例如混合动力车、太阳能房、数据中心或偏远地区的医院，提供清洁、高效和可靠的电力对负载至关重要。在这样的系统中，通过电力电子变换器将功率从源侧分配到负载侧。在低功率和中等功率应用中，通常将这种任务分配给单相逆变器，在那里它们是连接到DC总线的源与连接到AC总线的负载之间的唯一接口。在以前的研究中，对单相逆变器的控制已经进行了很多工作；然而，由于独立系统的要求和变换器的时变特性，其控制器设计仍然相当困难，尤其是考虑到它在系统中实现的关键功能。部分设计挑战也是由于负载的不确定导致进一步复杂化的控制器设计。
本文提出了一种适用于中、低功率DG系统的单相逆变器的控制方法。该控制方法充分利用了目前三相变换器分析和控制设计中普遍采用的DQ变换。DQ变换的主要特征是能够提供单相逆变器的时不变模型。此外，在DQ框架下，逆变器的控制设计与DC-DC和三相变换器类似，使得在不同的运行条件下更容易获得优越的性能，同时实现鲁棒控制。
对于系统中的每个状态变量，变换至少需要两个独立的阶段，因此必须创建第二阶段。本文提出了一种基于逆变器实际电路的虚拟电路设计方法，以提供变换所需的第二阶段。通过对主邀请电路的状态变量进行微分，得到虚拟电路的状态变量。该微分算法可以在DSP上实现，因此不需要额外的硬件，更具有实际应用的吸引力和成本效益。
DQ控制器不仅具有优良的瞬态响应特性，而且在非线性负载运行下具有零稳态误差和低输出电压THD。整个控制器在数字控制板上实现，过去十余年中在电力电子变换器中变得越来越普遍。本文对2.5kW单相全桥逆变器的DQ控制器进行了分析和设计，并在基于FPGA/DSP的数字控制板完成了最终实现。
Today, small distributed power generation (DG) systems are becoming morecommon as the need for electric power increases. Small DG systems are usuallybuilt close to the end-user and they take advantage of using different energysources such as wind and solar. A few examples are hybrid cars, solar houses,data centers, or hospitals in remote areas where providing clean, efficient andreliable electric power is critical to the loads. In such systems, the power isdistributed from the source side to the load side via power electronicconverters in the system. At low and medium power applications, the task isoften left to single phase inverters where they are the only interface between sourcesconnected to DC bus and loads connected to an AC bus. Much has been done forthe control of single phase inverters in the past years; however, due to therequirements of stand alone systems and the time-varying nature of the converter,its controller design is still quite difficult, and especially so if itscritical functionality within the system is taken into consideration. Part ofthe challenge is also due to the fact that the load is not known at all time,further complicating the controller design. This thesis proposes a differentmethod of control for single phase inverters used in low and medium power DGsystems. The new control method takes advantage of the well-known DQtransformation and analysis mostly employed for three phase converters’analysis and control design. Providing a time-invariant model of single phase invertersis the main feature of DQ transformation. In addition to that, control designof the inverter in DQ frame becomes similar to those of DC-DC and three phaseconverters making it easier to achieve superior performance under differentoperation conditions while achieving a robust controller. The transformationrequires at least two independent phases for each state variable in the system;thus a second phase must be created. This thesis proposes the creation of animaginary circuit based on the real circuit of the inverter to provide thesecond required phase for transformation. The state variables of the imaginarycircuit are obtained by differentiating the state variables of the maininviter’s circuit. The differentiation can be implemented in DSP so there is noneed for additional hardware in the system, making it more attractive and costeffective method. The DQ controller not only provides superior transientresponse, it also provides zero steady-state error as well as low outputvoltage THD under nonlinear load operation. The entire controller can beimplemented in a digital control board which is becoming more common in powerelectronics converters within the past decade. Analysis and design of a DQcontroller for a 2.5kW single phase full-bridge inverter is presented in thisstudy with the final results implemented in a FPGA/DSP based digital controllerboard.
1 引言
2 单相全桥逆变器原理
3 用于单相逆变器的DQ旋转框架控制器
4 硬件具体实现
5 结论与未来工作展望
附录A 控制板编程
附录B DSP代码
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