首先需要去网上下载Python-3.6.4.tgz
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # ls Python-3.6.4.tgz gnureadline-6.3.8.tar.gz setuptools-40.0.0.zip zlib-devel-1.2.7-3.14.x86_64.rpm
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # tar -zxvf Python-3.6.4.tgz
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # cd Python-3.6.4/
随后需要去网上下载一些包,那么那些包是需要的呢,使用以下一个命令可以看到哪些包没有,用make的时候可以看到一堆包,那些标记skipped的没有，其中zlib，以及他的开发包zlib-devel是必须的
--enable-optimizations可以检测需要的包
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations
此处make时候就会检测那些包是否存在
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 # make
0:14:48 load avg: 0.83 [389/406] test_winconsoleio
0:14:48 load avg: 0.83 [390/406] test_winreg -- test_winconsoleio skipped
0:14:49 load avg: 0.83 [391/406] test_winsound -- test_winreg skipped
0:14:49 load avg: 0.83 [392/406] test_with -- test_winsound skipped (resource denied)
0:14:49 load avg: 0.83 [393/406] test_wsgiref
0:14:50 load avg: 0.83 [394/406] test_xdrlib
0:14:50 load avg: 0.93 [395/406] test_xml_dom_minicompat
0:14:51 load avg: 0.93 [396/406] test_xml_etree
0:14:53 load avg: 0.93 [397/406] test_xml_etree_c
0:14:56 load avg: 0.93 [398/406] test_xmlrpc
0:14:59 load avg: 0.93 [399/406] test_xmlrpc_net
0:15:00 load avg: 0.93 [400/406] test_yield_from -- test_xmlrpc_net skipped (resource denied)
0:15:00 load avg: 0.94 [401/406] test_zipapp
0:15:01 load avg: 0.94 [402/406] test_zipfile
0:15:06 load avg: 0.94 [403/406] test_zipfile64
0:15:07 load avg: 0.94 [404/406] test_zipimport -- test_zipfile64 skipped (resource denied)
0:15:07 load avg: 0.94 [405/406] test_zipimport_support
0:15:09 load avg: 0.94 [406/406] test_zlib
test_zlib skipped 这里看到zlib有问题, 当然当中还有很多包是skipped的，自己认为有用的就去下载对应的包吧
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 # rpm -qi zlib Name : zlib Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 1.2.7 Vendor: SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, Nuernberg, Germany Release : 0.10.128 Build Date: Sat May 11 10:11:54 2013 Install Date: Tue Jul 10 09:40:54 2018 Build Host: crick Group : System/Libraries Source RPM: zlib-1.2.7-0.10.128.src.rpm Size : 88752 License: zlib license. See http://zlib.net/zlib_license.html Signature : RSA/8, Sat May 11 10:11:57 2013, Key ID e3a5c360307e3d54 Packager : http://bugs.opensuse.org URL : http://www.zlib.net/ Summary : Data Compression Library Description : ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1950.txt (zlib format), rfc1951.txt (deflate format) and rfc1952.txt (gzip format). These documents are also available in other formats from ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/documents/zlib/zdoc-index.html. Authors: -------- Rob Hooft <[email protected]> Michael Mauldin <[email protected]> Distribution: SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 #
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 # rpm -qi zlib-devel
package zlib-devel is not installed
我们看到zlib-devel 没有安装，根据上面的版本信息我们去下载一个rpm包后面的release信息即0.10.128可以不一样
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # ls
Python-3.6.4 Python-3.6.4.tgz gnureadline-6.3.8.tar.gz setuptools-40.0.0.zip zlib-devel-1.2.7-3.14.x86_64.rpm
安装zlib-devel-1.2.7-3.14.x86_64.rpm
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # rpm -ivh zlib-devel-1.2.7-3.14.x86_64.rpm
warning: zlib-devel-1.2.7-3.14.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 19c4ef64
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:zlib-devel ########################################### [100%]
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download #
重新 make
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # cd Python-3.6.4/
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 # make
可以看到zlib-devel安装后就不报错了
0:15:34 load avg: 0.96 [403/406] test_zipfile64
0:15:35 load avg: 0.96 [404/406] test_zipimport -- test_zipfile64 skipped (resource denied)
0:15:35 load avg: 0.96 [405/406] test_zipimport_support
0:15:37 load avg: 0.96 [406/406] test_zlib
Total duration: 15 min 39 sec
Tests result: FAILURE
随后正式安装make install，当然可以试试看zlib-devel不安装直接make install看看会报什么错误
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 # make install
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-9.0.1 setuptools-28.8.0
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 #
至此已经看到python3安装成功了，但是还有点擦屁股的事情要做
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首先要在.proile或者.bash_profile里面添加环境变量，不然Python3无法直接访问
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/Python-3.6.4 # python3
If 'python3' is not a typo you can run the following command to lookup the package that contains the binary:
command-not-found python3
-bash: python3: command not found
我们新建立一个测试用户在测试用户里面添加环境变量
linux-9qk9:~ # useradd -m test
linux-9qk9:~ # ls /home/test/
.bash_history .bashrc .emacs .fonts .gnu-emacs .inputrc .mozilla .muttrc .profile .vimrc .xim.template .xinitrc.template bin
linux-9qk9:~ # su - test
test@linux-9qk9:~> view .profile
在.profile文件里面添加一行
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3/bin
:wq! //保存退出命令
test@linux-9qk9:~> . .profile //激活新添加的PATH
输入python3可以看到已经可以启动python3了
test@linux-9qk9:~> python3
Python 3.6.4 (default, Jul 11 2018, 01:24:13)
[GCC 4.3.4 [gcc-4_3-branch revision 152973]] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/etc/pythonstart", line 7, in <module>
import readline
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'readline'
>>>
我们看到上面有个报错No module named 'readline'，接下来我们来解决下
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/etc/pythonstart", line 7, in <module>
import readline
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'readline'
>>> exit() //输入exit()退出Python3
test@linux-9qk9:~> su - //切换到root
Password:
linux-9qk9:~ # cd /tmp/software_download/
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # ls
Python-3.6.4 Python-3.6.4.tgz gnureadline-6.3.8.tar.gz setuptools-40.0.0.zip zlib-devel-1.2.7-3.14.x86_64.rpm
到https://pypi.org/下载 gnureadline-6.3.8.tar.gz,
千万不要下载readline-6.2.4.1.tar.gz ，这个包官方文档说了已经失效了，原话如下
WARNING: THIS PACKAGE IS DEPRECATED! It has been renamed to GNUREADLINE to resolve a name clash with the standard library module. The new PyPI page is here.
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # tar -zxvf gnureadline-6.3.8.tar.gz
为root用户设置python3的PATH
linux-9qk9:~ # view /etc/profile
在最后一行添加 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3/bin 随后wq!保存退出
401 case "$-" in
402 *i*)
403 if test "$TERM" = "xterm" -a -O "$tty" ; then
404 if test -z "${SSH_TTY}" ; then
405 test ! -f $HOME/.hushlogin -a -s /etc/motd && cat /etc/motd
406 echo "Directory: $PWD"
407 # Last but not least
408 date
409 fi
410 #
411 # shadow passwd
412 # Note: on normal console this will be done by /bin/login
413 #if test -r /var/log/faillog ; then
414 # test -x /bin/faillog && /bin/faillog
415 # test -x /usr/sbin/faillog && /usr/sbin/faillog
416 #fi
417 fi
418 esac
419 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3/bin
420 #
421 # End of /etc/profile
422 #
随后执行. /etc/profile使环境变量生效
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # . /etc/profile
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download #
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download # python3
Python 3.6.4 (default, Jul 11 2018, 01:24:13)
[GCC 4.3.4 [gcc-4_3-branch revision 152973]] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/etc/pythonstart", line 7, in <module>
import readline
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'readline'
>>> exit()
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download #
执行python3 setup.py install进行安装
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/gnureadline-6.3.8 # python3 setup.py install
安装完成后再次输入python3可以看到No module named 'readline'报错消失
linux-9qk9:/tmp/software_download/gnureadline-6.3.8 # python3
Python 3.6.4 (default, Jul 11 2018, 01:24:13)
[GCC 4.3.4 [gcc-4_3-branch revision 152973]] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>exit()
接下来我们搭建一个虚拟环境，网上有很多Python 虚拟环境 pyenv、venv(pyvenv)、virtualenv之间的区别 可以参考下 https://www.cnblogs.com/qinhan/p/9293126.html
由于我们使用的是3.6的Python版本，直接一条命令
test@linux-9qk9:~> python3 -m venv aa/bb //创建虚拟环境
test@linux-9qk9:~> cd aa/bb
test@linux-9qk9:~/aa/bb> ls
bin include lib lib64 pyvenv.cfg //可以看到虚拟环境创建成功
test@linux-9qk9:~/aa/bb>
test@linux-9qk9:~/aa/bb> source bin/activate //激活虚拟环境
(bb) test@linux-9qk9:~/aa/bb>
今后可以在虚拟环境下进行安装软件以及编译程序等，至此python3安装结束