【国产操作系统麒麟+K8S】双管齐下加速数字化转型！ IT基础设施丨数字化转型丨自动化运维丨企业IT应用丨云原生 丨全栈式运维丨应用容器化丨大数据治理丨增强现实技术丨边缘计算丨人工智能应用

国产化麒麟操作系统（Kylin）部署K8S集群

一、K8S集群节点准备

前言

在数字化转型的过程中，需要借助先进的IT技术支撑，提高企业效率和竞争力。麒麟操作系统和Kubernetes平台可以提供灵活、高效的IT基础设施，满足企业不断变化的需求。在本文中，我们将探讨如何构建麒麟和Kubernetes平台，有效地支持企业的数字化转型。

1.1 主机操作系统说明

序号	操作系统及版本	备注
1	Kylin V10 SP3

1.2 主机硬件配置说明

需求	CPU	内存	硬盘	角色	主机名
值	4C	8G	100GB	master	k8s-master01
值	4C	8G	100GB	worker(node)	k8s-worker01
值	4C	8G	100GB	worker(node)	k8s-worker02

1.3 主机配置

1.3.1 主机名配置

由于本次使用3台主机完成kubernetes集群部署，其中1台为master节点,名称为k8s-master01;其中2台为worker节点，名称分别为：k8s-worker01及k8s-worker02

master节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01

worker01节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker01

worker02节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker02

1.3.2 主机IP地址配置

k8s-master01节点IP地址为：192.168.10.160/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.160"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

k8s-worker1节点IP地址为：192.168.10.161/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.161"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

k8s-worker2节点IP地址为：192.168.10.162/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.162"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

1.3.3 主机名与IP地址解析

所有集群主机均需要进行配置。

# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.160 k8s-master01
192.168.10.161 k8s-worker01
192.168.10.162 k8s-worker02

1.3.4 防火墙配置

所有主机均需要操作。

关闭现有防火墙firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
# systemctl stop firewalld
# firewall-cmd --state
not running

1.3.5 SELINUX配置

所有主机均需要操作。修改SELinux配置需要重启操作系统。

# sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

1.3.6 时间同步配置

所有主机均需要操作。最小化安装系统需要安装ntpdate软件。

# crontab -l
0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com

1.3.7 配置内核转发及网桥过滤

所有主机均需要操作。

添加网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
# cat /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
vm.swappiness = 0

加载br_netfilter模块
# modprobe br_netfilter

查看是否加载
# lsmod | grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter           22256  0
bridge                151336  1 br_netfilter

1.3.8 安装ipset及ipvsadm

所有主机均需要操作。

安装ipset及ipvsadm
# yum -y install ipset ipvsadm

配置ipvsadm模块加载方式
添加需要加载的模块
# cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

授权、运行、检查是否加载
# chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

1.3.9 关闭SWAP分区

修改完成后需要重启操作系统，如不重启，可临时关闭，命令为swapoff -a

临时关闭
# swapoff -a

永远关闭swap分区，需要重启操作系统
# cat /etc/fstab
......

# /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

在上一行中行首添加#

二、 Docker准备

2.1 Docker安装包准备

二进制方式安装

# wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-20.10.9.tgz

2.2 Docker安装

# tar xf docker-20.10.9.tgz

# chmod +x docker/*

# cp docker/* /usr/bin/

2.3 启动Docker服务

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
 
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# systemctl enable --now docker

2.4 修改cgroup方式

/etc/docker/daemon.json 默认没有此文件，需要单独创建

在/etc/docker/daemon.json添加如下内容

# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
    
    
        "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

# systemctl restart docker

2.5 添加docker用户组

# groupadd docker

2.6 cri-dockerd安装

三、kubernetes 1.23或1.26 集群部署

3.1 集群软件及版本说明

	kubeadm	kubelet	kubectl
版本	1.23或1.26	1.23或1.26	1.23或1.26
安装位置	集群所有主机	集群所有主机	集群所有主机
作用	初始化集群、管理集群等	用于接收api-server指令，对pod生命周期进行管理	集群应用命令行管理工具

3.2 kubernetes YUM源准备

3.2.1 谷歌YUM源

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
        https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

3.2.2 阿里云YUM源

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

3.3 集群软件安装

所有节点均可安装

默认安装
# yum -y install  kubeadm  kubelet kubectl

查看指定版本
# yum list kubeadm.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
# yum list kubelet.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
# yum list kubectl.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r

安装指定版本
# yum -y install  kubeadm-1.23.6-0  kubelet-1.23.6-0 kubectl-1.23.6-0
或
# yum -y install  kubeadm-1.26.X-0  kubelet-1.26.X-0 kubectl-1.26.X-0

3.4 配置kubelet

为了实现docker使用的cgroupdriver与kubelet使用的cgroup的一致性，建议修改如下文件内容。

# vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

设置kubelet为开机自启动即可，由于没有生成配置文件，集群初始化后自动启动
# systemctl enable kubelet

3.5 集群镜像准备

可使用VPN实现下载。

# kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=v1.23.6或v1.26.0

# cat image_download.sh
#!/bin/bash
images_list='
镜像列表'

for i in $images_list
do
        docker pull $i
done

docker save -o k8s-1-x-X.tar $images_list

3.6 集群初始化

K8S 1.23版本集群初始化
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.23.6 --pod-network-cidr=10.224.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.10.160

或

K8S 1.26版本集群初始化
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.26.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.224.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.10.160  --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

如果不添加--cri-socket选项，则会报错，内容如下：
Found multiple CRI endpoints on the host. Please define which one do you wish to use by setting the 'criSocket' field in the kubeadm configuration file: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock, unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher

初始化过程输出
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.26.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.10.200]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.10.200 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.10.200 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 13.006785 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 8x4o2u.hslo8xzwwlrncr8s
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.10.200:6443 --token 8x4o2u.hslo8xzwwlrncr8s \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7323a8b0658fc33d89e627f078f6eb16ac94394f9a91b3335dd3ce73a3f313a0

3.7 集群应用客户端管理集群文件准备

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ls /root/.kube/
config

3.8 集群网络准备

使用calico部署集群网络

安装参考网址：https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/about/about-calico

执行operator文件
# kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.25.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

通过自定义资源方式安装
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.25.0/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

修改文件第13行，修改为使用kubeadm init ----pod-network-cidr对应的IP地址段
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim custom-resources.yaml
......
 11     ipPools:
 12     - blockSize: 26
 13       cidr: 10.224.0.0/16 
 14       encapsulation: VXLANCrossSubnet
......

  当node无法正常运行时，可考虑在此文件中添加相关内容。    
      nodeAddressAutodetectionV4:
        interface: ens.*

应用资源清单文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml

监视calico-sysem命名空间中pod运行情况
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# watch kubectl get pods -n calico-system

Wait until each pod has the STATUS of Running.

3.9 集群工作节点添加

因容器镜像下载较慢，可能会导致报错，主要错误为没有准备好cni（集群网络插件），如有网络，请耐心等待即可。

K8S 1.23版本集群加入方法
[root@k8s-worker0X ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.160:6443 --token 8x4o2u.hslo8xzwwlrncr8s \                              --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7323a8b0658fc33d89e627f078f6eb16ac94394f9a91b3335dd3ce73a3f313a0

K8S 1.26版本集群加入方法
[root@k8s-worker0X ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.160:6443 --token 8x4o2u.hslo8xzwwlrncr8s \                              --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7323a8b0658fc33d89e627f078f6eb16ac94394f9a91b3335dd3ce73a3f313a0 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

stem

>Wait until each pod has the `STATUS` of `Running`.



~~~powershell

总结

麒麟操作系统和Kubernetes平台在数字化转型方面具有不可替代的优势。麒麟操作系统充分考虑了国内市场和环境因素，提供了稳定、易用的操作系统。Kubernetes平台则可实现自动化运维、快速部署等特性，提升企业IT效率。通过本文的介绍，企业可从不同层次了解他们的使用方法和实践效果。