目录
1、对话框QDialog类别
QMessage——信息提示框
QColorDialog——颜色对话框
QFIleDialog——文件操作对话框
QFontDialog——字体格式对话框
QInputDialog——输入对话框
2、通用对话框
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2022/5/25 18:16
# @Author : @linlianqin
# @Site :
# @File : QDialog_learn.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description:
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import sys
## 通用对话框
class QDialogDemo(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(QDialogDemo, self).__init__()
self.InitUI()
def InitUI(self):
self.resize(300,100)
self.setWindowTitle("Qdialog Demo")
self.btn1 = QPushButton("弹出对话框",self)
self.btn1.move(50,50)
# 点击按钮弹出对话框
self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
# 创建对话框，点击按钮关闭
def showDialog(self):
dialog = QDialog()
dialog.resize(200,100)
dialog.setWindowTitle("对话框")
btn = QPushButton("关闭",dialog) # 在dialog中创建按钮
btn.move(50,50)
btn.clicked.connect(dialog.close)
# 将对话框设置为APP模式，即对话框未关闭时，没有办法对主窗口的控件进行操作
# 进入app循环
dialog.exec()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
mainWin = QDialogDemo()
mainWin.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
注：
1）当有多个窗口时，并且在不同的窗口创建控件时，需要指明其父类是谁
self.btn1 = QPushButton("弹出对话框",self)btn = QPushButton("关闭",dialog) # 在dialog中创建按钮2）创建一个新的对话框窗口时，不要忘记加上exec()，进入循环
dialog.exec()
3、消息对话框QMessageBox()
1）消息对话框QMessageBox类型
关于对话框——about
错误对话框——critical
警告对话框——warning
提问对话框——question
消息对话框——information
注：上述几种不同的消息对话框主要是显示的按钮不一样，且图标不一样
2）案例
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2022/5/25 18:30
# @Author : @linlianqin
# @Site :
# @File : QMessageBox_learn.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description:
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import sys
## 通用对话框
class QMessageBoxDemo(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(QMessageBoxDemo, self).__init__()
self.InitUI()
def InitUI(self):
self.resize(300,100)
self.setWindowTitle("Qdialog Demo")
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.btn1 = QPushButton("关于对话框")
self.btn2 = QPushButton("错误对话框")
self.btn3 = QPushButton("警告对话框")
self.btn4 = QPushButton("消息对话框")
self.btn5 = QPushButton("提问对话框")
layout.addWidget(self.btn1)
layout.addWidget(self.btn2)
layout.addWidget(self.btn3)
layout.addWidget(self.btn4)
layout.addWidget(self.btn5)
# 点击按钮弹出对话框
self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
self.btn2.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
self.btn3.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
self.btn4.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
self.btn5.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
self.setLayout(layout)
# 创建对话框，点击按钮关闭
def showDialog(self):
text = self.sender().text()
if text == "关于对话框":
QMessageBox.about(self,"关于","关于对话框")
elif text == "错误对话框":
QMessageBox.critical(self,"错误","错误对话框")
if text == "警告对话框":
QMessageBox.warning(self,"关于","关于对话框")
if text == "消息对话框":
QMessageBox.information(self,"消息","消息对话框")
if text == "提问对话框":
QMessageBox.question(self,"提问","提问对话框")
# 消息对话框
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
mainWin = QMessageBoxDemo()
mainWin.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
4、输入对话框QInputDialog
1) 类型
QInputDialog.getItem——传入列表或者元组
QInputDialog.getText——录入文本
QInputDialog.getInt——录入整数
2）案例
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2022/5/25 18:47
# @Author : @linlianqin
# @Site :
# @File : QInputDialog_learn.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description:
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import sys
## 输入对话框
class QInputDialogDemo(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(QInputDialogDemo, self).__init__()
self.InitUI()
def InitUI(self):
self.resize(300,100)
self.setWindowTitle("Qdialog Demo")
layout = QFormLayout()
self.btn1 = QPushButton("获取列表中的选项")
self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.getItem)
self.line1 = QLineEdit()
layout.addRow(self.btn1,self.line1)
self.btn2 = QPushButton("获取字符串")
self.btn2.clicked.connect(self.getText)
self.line2 = QLineEdit()
layout.addRow(self.btn2,self.line2)
self.btn3 = QPushButton("获取整数")
self.btn3.clicked.connect(self.getInt)
self.line3 = QLineEdit()
layout.addRow(self.btn3,self.line3)
self.setLayout(layout)
def getItem(self):
items = ["C","C++","Python"]
item,ok = QInputDialog.getItem(self,"请选择编程语言","语言列表",items)
if ok and item:
self.line1.setText(item)
def getText(self):
text,ok = QInputDialog.getText(self,"文本输入框","输入姓名")
if ok and text:
self.line2.setText(text)
def getInt(self):
num,ok = QInputDialog.getInt(self,"整数输入框","输入年龄")
if ok and num:
self.line3.setText(str(num))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
mainWin = QInputDialogDemo()
mainWin.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_()) 
5、字体格式对话框QFontDialog
通过这个对话框可以设置字体类型、字体大小，返回的是一个元组，元组包含字体格式和一个bool类型
font,ok = QFontDialog.getFont()font,ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2022/5/26 10:14
# @Author : @linlianqin
# @Site :
# @File : QFontDialog_learn.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description:
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import sys
## 字体格式对话框
class QFontDialogDemo(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(QFontDialogDemo, self).__init__()
self.InitUI()
def InitUI(self):
self.resize(300,100)
self.setWindowTitle("QFontDialog Demo")
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.btn1 = QPushButton("字体格式")
self.label = QLabel("字体格式测试样例")
self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.changeFont)
layout.addWidget(self.btn1)
layout.addWidget(self.label)
self.setLayout(layout)
def changeFont(self):
font,ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
if ok:
self.label.setFont(font)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
mainWin = QFontDialogDemo()
mainWin.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
修改字体格式后：
6、颜色对话框QColorDialog
1）获取颜色
foreColor = QColorDialog.getColor()返回QColor类
2）利用颜色对话框修改字体颜色和背景色
①字体颜色设置
def setForeColor(self):
# 通过颜色对话框得到颜色
foreColor = QColorDialog.getColor()
# 设置文字颜色
p = QPalette()
p.setColor(QPalette.WindowText,foreColor)
self.label.setPalette(p)②字体背景色设置
def setBgColor(self):
# 设置背景色
bgColor = QColorDialog.getColor()
p = QPalette()
p.setColor(QPalette.Window,bgColor)
self.label.setAutoFillBackground(True)
self.label.setPalette(p)
③完整代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2022/5/26 10:23
# @Author : @linlianqin
# @Site :
# @File : QColorDialog_learn.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description:
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import sys
## 颜色对话框
class QColorDialogDemo(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(QColorDialogDemo, self).__init__()
self.InitUI()
def InitUI(self):
self.resize(300,100)
self.setWindowTitle("QColorDialog Demo")
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.btn1 = QPushButton("设置字体颜色")
self.btn2 = QPushButton("设置背景色")
self.label = QLabel("颜色对话框测试")
self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.setForeColor)
self.btn2.clicked.connect(self.setBgColor)
layout.addWidget(self.btn1)
layout.addWidget(self.btn2)
layout.addWidget(self.label)
self.setLayout(layout)
def setForeColor(self):
# 通过颜色对话框得到颜色
foreColor = QColorDialog.getColor()
# 设置文字颜色
p = QPalette()
p.setColor(QPalette.WindowText,foreColor)
self.label.setPalette(p)
def setBgColor(self):
# 设置背景色
bgColor = QColorDialog.getColor()
p = QPalette()
p.setColor(QPalette.Window,bgColor)
self.label.setAutoFillBackground(True)
self.label.setPalette(p)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
mainWin = QColorDialogDemo()
mainWin.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
设置字体颜色
设置背景色
注意：这种方法背景色和字体颜色无法同时修改
7、文件对话框
QFileDialog是用于打开和保存文件的标准对话框，QFileDialog在打开文件时使用了文件过滤器，用于显示指定扩展名的文件。也可以设置使用QFileDialog打开文件时的起始目录和指定扩展名的文件。
# 选择后缀名为,jpg和.png的图片文件，并显示在label中 frame,_ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self,"打开文件",".","Image files (*.jpg;*.png)")
1）选择指定后缀名的文件
方法一
def loadImage(self):
# 选择后缀名为,jpg和.png的图片文件，并显示在label中
frame,_ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self,"打开文件",".","Image files (*.jpg;*.png)")
print(frame)
self.imageLabel.setPixmap(QPixmap(frame))
方法二
def loadText(self):
dialog = QFileDialog()
dialog.setFileMode(QFileDialog.AnyFile)
dialog.setFilter(QDir.Files)
if dialog.exec():
filenames = dialog.selectedFiles()
print(filenames)
with open(filenames[0],encoding = "utf-8",mode='r') as f:
data = f.read()
self.contents.setText(data)
2）打开一个文件夹
def openDir(self):
fname = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self,"打开文件夹",".")
self.DirLabel.setText("选择文件夹："+fname)
3）利用QFileDialog实现图片选择和文件加载
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2022/5/26 10:57
# @Author : @linlianqin
# @Site :
# @File : QFileDialog_learn.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description:
# 文件对话框
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import sys
class QFileDialogDemo(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(QFileDialogDemo, self).__init__()
self.InitUI()
def InitUI(self):
# self.resize(300)
self.setWindowTitle("QFileDialog Demo")
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.btn1 = QPushButton("加载图片")
self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.loadImage)
layout.addWidget(self.btn1)
self.btn2 = QPushButton("加载文本")
self.btn2.clicked.connect(self.loadText)
layout.addWidget(self.btn2)
self.btn3 = QPushButton("选择文件夹")
self.btn3.clicked.connect(self.openDir)
layout.addWidget(self.btn3)
self.DirLabel = QLabel("文件夹名称")
layout.addWidget(self.DirLabel)
self.imageLabel = QLabel("----------")
layout.addWidget(self.imageLabel)
self.contents = QTextEdit()
layout.addWidget(self.contents)
self.setLayout(layout)
def loadImage(self):
# 选择后缀名为,jpg和.png的图片文件，并显示在label中
frame,_ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self,"打开文件",".","Image files (*.jpg;*.png)")
print(frame)
self.imageLabel.setPixmap(QPixmap(frame))
def loadText(self):
dialog = QFileDialog()
dialog.setFileMode(QFileDialog.AnyFile)
dialog.setFilter(QDir.Files)
if dialog.exec():
filenames = dialog.selectedFiles()
print(filenames)
with open(filenames[0],encoding = "utf-8",mode='r') as f:
data = f.read()
self.contents.setText(data)
def openDir(self):
fname = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self,"打开文件夹",".")
self.DirLabel.setText("选择文件夹："+fname)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
mainWin = QFileDialogDemo()
mainWin.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())初始界面：
选择图像对话框：
选择文本对话框
选择文件夹对话框：
结果
