OSPF+RIP V2+路由引入+虚链路+Stub末节区域+TotallyStub完全末节区域+OSPF默认路由技术综合配置实验

一、实验报告内容 1

1、多区域 OSPF + RIP V2 路由引入的配置

(1)网络拓扑

image-20220917202143349

R1的配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R1
!配置端口
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
exit

R2的配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R2
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
exit

R3的配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R3
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
exit

R4的配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R4
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 4.4.4.4
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.4.0
network 192.168.3.0
network 192.168.2.0
network 192.168.1.0
exit
!OSFP引入/重发布RIP
router ospf 100
redistribute rip subnets
exit
!RIP引入/重发布OSPF
router rip
redistribute ospf 100 metric 1
exit

R5的配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R5
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.4.0
exit

(2)配置结果验证与查看

R1

show ip route

image-20220917202347590

R2

show ip route

image-20220917202510648

R3

show ip route

image-20220917202659733

R4

show ip route

image-20220917202857198

show running-config

image-20220917203119399

R5

show ip route

image-20220917203246763

(3)连通性验证

R1->R5

image-20220917203542598

image-20220917203752638

2、多区域 OSPF + 虚链路路由引入的配置

(1)网络拓扑

image-20220917225855997
R1-R2配置同第一个实验一样

R3配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R3
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
area 2 virtual-link 4.4.4.4
exit

R4配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R4
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 4.4.4.4
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 3
area 2 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
exit

R5配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R5
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int loopback 0
ip addr 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
router ospf 100
router-id 5.5.5.5
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 3
exit

(2)配置结果验证与查看

R1-R2配置同第一个实验一样

R3

show ip route

image-20220917204748095

show running-config

image-20220917210005396

R4

show ip route

image-20220917205132722

show running-config

image-20220917205425392

R5

show ip route

image-20220917205746671

(3)连通性验证

R1->R5

image-20220917204151715

image-20220917204248031


二、实验报告内容 2

1、多区域 OSPF 和 RIPvP 的园区网综合配置

(1)网络拓扑

image-20220917191621993

(2)配置过程及配置代码

R1配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R1
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
exit

R2配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R2
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0/0
ip addr 192.168.7.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
area 5 stub no-summary
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 192.168.7.0 0.0.0.3 area 4
area 4 virtual-link 5.5.5.5
exit

R3配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R3
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0/0
ip addr 192.168.9.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.3 area 3
network 192.168.9.0 0.0.0.3 area 5
area 3 virtual-link 4.4.4.4
area 5 stub no-summary
exit

R4配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R4
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.11.0
network 192.168.22.0
no auto-summary
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 4.4.4.4
network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.3 area 3
area 3 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
default-information originate
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.11.2
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.2
!RIP引入/重发布OSPF
router rip
redistribute ospf 100 metric 1
exit

R5配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R5
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.8.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0/0
ip addr 192.168.7.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router 5.5.5.5
network 192.168.7.0 0.0.0.3 area 4
network 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.3 area 6
area 4 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
area 6 stub
exit

R6配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R6
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.8.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 6.6.6.6
network 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.3 area 6
area 6 stub
exit

R7配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R7
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0/0
ip addr 192.168.9.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 7.7.7.7
network 192.168.9.0 0.0.0.3 area 5
network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 5
area 5 stub
exit

R8配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R8
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.22.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.33.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.22.0
network 192.168.33.0
no auto-summary
exit

R9配置

!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R9
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.44.254 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.33.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.11.0
network 192.168.33.0
network 192.168.44.0
no auto-summary
exit

(3)配置结果验证与查看

R1

show ip ospf

image-20220917170434792

show ip route

image-20220917171212445

R2

show ip ospf

image-20220917171030690

show ip route

image-20220917171117453

R3

show ip ospf

image-20220917171323233

show ip route

image-20220917171435833

R4

show ip ospf

image-20220917171733407

show ip route

image-20220917172507680

image-20220917173534018

R5

show ip ospf

image-20220917173912111

image-20220917174046711

show ip route

image-20220917174259006

R6

show ip ospf

image-20220917174703353

show ip ospf database

image-20220917175303368

show ip route

image-20220917215819654

R7

show ip ospf

image-20220917181129496!R3 show ip ospf

image-20220917181420795

!R3 show running-config

image-20220917181936316

show ip ospf database

image-20220917182315481

show ip route

image-20220917183735717

R8

show ip route

image-20220917184723780

R9

show ip route

image-20220917185308011

(4)连通性能验证

OSPF区域内

PC1->Server

image-20220917191346927

image-20220917190717323

PC1->R6

image-20220917191256644

image-20220917191115683

PC1->PC2

image-20220917191436215

image-20220917191521345

OSPF区域外

PC1->Server

image-20220917191854135

image-20220917192845821

三、总结与体会

1、区域 0 与非 0 区域的区别?

答:

区域 0为主干区:骨干区域是Area 0,是整个OSPF域的中心枢纽。一个OSPF域有且只能拥有一个 Area 0,所有的区域间路由必须通过Area0中转。

非区域0分为标准区域、Stub区域、完全Stub区域、NSSA区域、完全NSSA区域:

(1)标准区:OSPF要求所有的非骨干区域(非0常规区域)都必须与Area 0直接相连。常规区域中允许Type-1, Type-2. Type-3, Type-4以及Type-5 LSA泛洪, Type-7 LSA禁止出现在常规区域内。

(2)Stub区域:末节区域,不能重发发布引入外部路由,也不能接收外部路由。

(3)完全Stub区域:完全末节区域,是Cisco专有特性,不能重发发布引入外部路由,也不能接收外部路由、区域间路由。

(4)NSSA区域:次存根区域,不能接收其它区域的外部路由,本区域可以重发发布引入外部路由。

(5)完全NSSA区域:完全次存根区域,不能接收其它区域的外部路由、区域间路由,本区域可以重发发布引入外部路由。

2、区域划分的原则和指导思想是什么?

答:

(1)在区域边界可以做路由汇总,减小了路由表。

(2)减少了LSA洪泛的范围有效地把拓扑变化控制在区域内,提高了网络的稳定。

(3)拓扑的变化影响可以只限制涉及本区域。

(4)多区域提高了网络的扩展性,有利于组建大规模的网络。

3、什么时候需要建立 OSPF 虚链路?虚链路在什么路由器上配置,虚链路里的区域号是怎么确定的?

答:

(1)远离OSPF主干的区域想要同步主干区域的路由信息就需要建立OSPF虚拟链路。

(2)虚拟链路在需要穿越经过的区域的路由器上配置,而不是在需要连接的区域的路由器上配置。

(3)虚拟链路的区域编号是要穿越经过的区域的区域号。

4、什么时候该区域建议配置成末节区域,配置代码是什么?

答:

(1)非主干区域非必要都建议配置为Stub区域,减少LSA在网络中的洪泛,简化路由表,提高OSPF网络的整体效率。

(2)配置代码为:area [number] stub

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转载自blog.csdn.net/O_dysseus/article/details/126911858