opencv学习（二十四）①计算轮廓的矩moments()&面积contourArea()②分水岭算法函数watershed()//图像修补inpaint()

1,计算轮廓的矩moments()&面积contourArea()

实例1，（从而求面积，长度）

待，对比书中程序发现错误

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define Windows_name1"【原始图】"
#define Window_name2"【图像轮廓】"
static void on_ThreshChange(int, void*);

//全局变量申明
Mat g_srcimg, g_GRAYIMG;
int g_nThresh = 100;
int g_nMaxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
Mat g_cannyMat_output;
vector<vector<Point>>g_vcontours;
vector<Vec4i>g_vHierarchy;

//主函数
int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
    g_srcimg=imread( "D://1.jpg,1" );

    cvtColor(g_srcimg, g_GRAYIMG, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    blur(g_GRAYIMG, g_GRAYIMG, Size(3, 3));

     namedWindow(Windows_name1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow(Windows_name1, g_srcimg);

    //创建滚动条并初始化
    createTrackbar("阈值", Windows_name1, &g_nThresh, g_nMaxThresh, on_ThreshChange);
    on_ThreshChange(0, 0);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{
//使用canny边缘检测
    Canny(g_GRAYIMG, g_cannyMat_output, g_nThresh, g_nThresh * 2, 3);
//找轮廓
    findContours(g_cannyMat_output, g_vcontours, g_vHierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
//计算矩
    vector<Moments>mu(g_vcontours.size());
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vcontours.size(); i++)
    {
        mu[i]=moments(g_vcontours[i],false);

    }
//计算中心矩
    vector<Point2f>mc(g_vcontours.size());
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vcontours.size(); i++)
    {
        mc[i] = Point2f(static_cast<float>(mu[i].m10 / mu[i].m00), static_cast<float>(mu[i].m01 / mu[i].m00));
    }
    //绘制轮廓
    Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_cannyMat_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vcontours.size(); i++)
    {
        Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));//随机生成颜色值
        drawContours(drawing, g_vcontours, i, color, 2, 8, g_vHierarchy, 0, Point());
        circle(drawing, mc[i], 4, color, -1, 8, 0);//绘制圆
    }
    namedWindow(Window_name2, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow(Window_name2, drawing);

    //通过m00计算轮廓面积并且和Opencv函数比较
    printf("\t输出内容：面积和轮廓长度");
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vcontours.size(); i++)
    {
        printf(">通过m00计算出轮廓【%d】的面积：（m_00）=%.2f\n opencv函数计算出的编辑=%.2f,长度:%.2f\n\n", i, mu[i].m00, contourArea(g_vcontours[i], arcLength(g_vcontours[i], true)));
        Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
        drawContours(drawing, g_vcontours, i, color, 2, 8, g_vHierarchy, 0, Point());
        circle(drawing,mc[i], 4, color, -1, 8, 0);

    }

}

2,分水岭算法函数watershed()

实例2，分水岭算法函数watershed()（待深入）

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】----------------------------
//      描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】-------------------------------------------- 
//  描述：定义一些辅助宏 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【程序窗口1】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【分水岭算法效果图】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏

//-----------------------------------【全局函变量声明部分】--------------------------------------
//      描述：全局变量的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat g_maskImage, g_srcImage;
Point prevPt(-1, -1);//原来的点坐标


//-----------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】--------------------------------------
//      描述：全局函数的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

static void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*);


//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//      描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    //【0】改变console字体颜色
    system("color 6F");



    //【1】载入原图并显示，初始化掩膜和灰度图
    g_srcImage = imread("D://1.jpg", 1);
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
    Mat srcImage, grayImage;
    g_srcImage.copyTo(srcImage);
    cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_maskImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    cvtColor(g_maskImage, grayImage, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
    g_maskImage = Scalar::all(0);

    //【2】设置鼠标回调函数
    setMouseCallback(WINDOW_NAME1, on_Mouse, 0);

    //【3】轮询按键，进行处理
    while (1)
    {
        //获取键值
        int c = waitKey(0);

        //若按键键值为ESC时，退出
        if ((char)c == 27)
            break;

        //按键键值为2时，恢复源图
        if ((char)c == '2')
        {
            g_maskImage = Scalar::all(0);
            srcImage.copyTo(g_srcImage);
            imshow("image", g_srcImage);
        }

        //若检测到按键值为1或者空格，则进行处理
        if ((char)c == '1' || (char)c == ' ')
        {
            //定义一些参数
            int i, j, compCount = 0;
            vector<vector<Point> > contours;
            vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;

            //寻找轮廓
            findContours(g_maskImage, contours, hierarchy, RETR_CCOMP, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);//findContours(输入图像，边缘，图像拓扑结构，检索模式（此为只检测最外层），轮廓近似方法)

            //轮廓为空时的处理
            if (contours.empty())
                continue;

            //拷贝掩膜
            Mat maskImage(g_maskImage.size(), CV_32S);
            maskImage = Scalar::all(0);

            //循环绘制出轮廓
            for (int index = 0; index >= 0; index = hierarchy[index][0], compCount++)
                drawContours(maskImage, contours, index, Scalar::all(compCount + 1), -1, 8, hierarchy, INT_MAX);//drawContours(操作图像，边缘，序数，颜色，范围，线宽，结构，绘制等级max)

            //compCount为零时的处理
            if (compCount == 0)
                continue;

            //生成随机颜色
            vector<Vec3b> colorTab;
            for (i = 0; i < compCount; i++)
            {
                int b = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);
                int g = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);
                int r = theRNG().uniform(0, 255);

                colorTab.push_back(Vec3b((uchar)b, (uchar)g, (uchar)r));
            }

            //计算处理时间并输出到窗口中
            double dTime = (double)getTickCount();
            watershed(srcImage, maskImage);
            dTime = (double)getTickCount() - dTime;
            printf("\t处理时间 = %gms\n", dTime*1000. / getTickFrequency());

            //【核心】双层循环，将分水岭图像遍历存入watershedImage中
            Mat watershedImage(maskImage.size(), CV_8UC3);
            for (i = 0; i < maskImage.rows; i++)
                for (j = 0; j < maskImage.cols; j++)
                {
                    int index = maskImage.at<int>(i, j); //取出灰度图像中i行j列的点。
                    if (index == -1)
                        watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = Vec3b(255, 255, 255);//取出彩色图像中i行j列（第k通道，这里为全部三个通道）的颜色点
                    else if (index <= 0 || index > compCount)
                        watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = Vec3b(0, 0, 0);
                    else
                        watershedImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = colorTab[index - 1];
                }

            //混合灰度图和分水岭效果图并显示最终的窗口
            watershedImage = watershedImage * 0.5 + grayImage * 0.5;
            imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, watershedImage);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


//-----------------------------------【onMouse( )函数】---------------------------------------
//      描述：鼠标消息回调函数
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*)
{
    //处理鼠标不在窗口中的情况
    if (x < 0 || x >= g_srcImage.cols || y < 0 || y >= g_srcImage.rows)
        return;

    //处理鼠标左键相关消息
    if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONUP || !(flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
        prevPt = Point(-1, -1);
    else if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
        prevPt = Point(x, y);

    //鼠标左键按下并移动，绘制出白色线条
    else if (event == EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
    {
        Point pt(x, y);
        if (prevPt.x < 0)
            prevPt = pt;
        line(g_maskImage, prevPt, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);
        line(g_srcImage, prevPt, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);
        prevPt = pt;
        imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
    }
}

图像修补inpaint()

实例3，图像修补inpaint()函数

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】----------------------------
//      描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/photo/photo.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;


//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】-------------------------------------------- 
//  描述：定义一些辅助宏 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define WINDOW_NAME0 "【原始图参考】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【修补后的效果图】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 


//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】--------------------------------------
//          描述：全局变量声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat srcImage0, srcImage1, inpaintMask;
Point previousPoint(-1, -1);//原来的点坐标






//-----------------------------------【On_Mouse( )函数】--------------------------------
//          描述：响应鼠标消息的回调函数
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void On_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void*)
{
    //鼠标左键弹起消息
    if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONUP || !(flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
        previousPoint = Point(-1, -1);
    //鼠标左键按下消息
    else if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
        previousPoint = Point(x, y);
    //鼠标按下并移动，进行绘制
    else if (event == EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags & EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON))
    {
        Point pt(x, y);
        if (previousPoint.x < 0)
            previousPoint = pt;
        //绘制白色线条
        line(inpaintMask, previousPoint, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);//标识出掩膜（被修改）区域
        line(srcImage1, previousPoint, pt, Scalar::all(255), 5, 8, 0);//修改原图区域
        previousPoint = pt;
        imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1);
    }
}


//--------------------------------------【main( )函数】-----------------------------------------
//          描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    //改变console字体颜色
    system("color 2F");


    //载入原始图并进行掩膜的初始化
    Mat srcImage = imread("D://1.jpg", -1);
    if (!srcImage.data) { printf("读取图片错误，请确定目录下是否有imread函数指定图片存在~！ \n"); return false; }
    srcImage0 = srcImage.clone();
    srcImage1 = srcImage.clone();
    inpaintMask = Mat::zeros(srcImage1.size(), CV_8U);

    //显示原始图参考
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME0, srcImage0);
    //显示原始图
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1);
    //设置鼠标回调消息
    setMouseCallback(WINDOW_NAME1, On_Mouse, 0);

    //轮询按键，根据不同的按键进行处理
    while (1)
    {
        //获取按键键值
        char c = (char)waitKey();

        //键值为ESC，程序退出
        if (c == 27)
            break;

        //键值为2，恢复成原始图像
        if (c == '2')
        {
            inpaintMask = Scalar::all(0);//非零表示要修补的区域，全0则表示无需修补
            srcImage.copyTo(srcImage1);
            imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage1);
        }

        //键值为1或者空格，进行图像修补操作
        if (c == '1' || c == ' ')
        {
            Mat inpaintedImage;
            inpaint(srcImage1, inpaintMask, inpaintedImage, 3, INPAINT_TELEA);//inpaint(处理图，处理区域掩膜图，输出图，修复算法参考半径，修复方法1/2)
            imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, inpaintedImage);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}