SQL 数据库的创建、查询、插入等操作使用方法（结合黑皮书教材网站中的例子）
注：数据来源： https://www.db-book.com/university-lab-dir/sample_tables-dir/index.html
结合网站： https://www.db-book.com/university-lab-dir/exercises-dir/
I. 进入SQL Server
在安装好SQL之后，输入以下命令，并输入mysql密码:
mysql -uroot -p
格式：
mysql -h 主机地址 -u 用户名 －p 用户密码
II.基本SQL语句
yourdatabasename 指代你所创建的数据库名称
创建数据库
create database yourdatabasename;
查看已有的数据库
show databases;
使用数据库
use yourdatabasename;
删除数据库中表的数据（需要先use数据库）
delete from yourtablename;
查看表的指定列的内容：
show columns from yourtablename;
（更多语句，请查阅手册）
III.DEMO实例
数据来源： https://www.db-book.com/university-lab-dir/sample_tables-dir/index.html
1. 初始化工作：
以University数据库为例：
按次序输入:
创建数据库University
create database University;
使用数据库University
use University;
以下有两种方法导入下面文件sql文件；
- MySQL Workbench
直接打开文件运行
-
直接在命令行中输入或者使用source命令
source sql文件路径
DDL.sql （在University数据库中创建表）
use University;
create table classroom
(building varchar(15),
room_number varchar(7),
capacity numeric(4,0),
primary key (building, room_number)
);
create table department
(dept_name varchar(20),
building varchar(15),
budget numeric(12,2) check (budget > 0),
primary key (dept_name)
);
create table course
(course_id varchar(8),
title varchar(50),
dept_name varchar(20),
credits numeric(2,0) check (credits > 0),
primary key (course_id),
foreign key (dept_name) references department (dept_name)
on delete set null
);
create table instructor
(ID varchar(5),
name varchar(20) not null,
dept_name varchar(20),
salary numeric(8,2) check (salary > 29000),
primary key (ID),
foreign key (dept_name) references department (dept_name)
on delete set null
);
create table section
(course_id varchar(8),
sec_id varchar(8),
semester varchar(6)
check (semester in ('Fall', 'Winter', 'Spring', 'Summer')),
year numeric(4,0) check (year > 1701 and year < 2100),
building varchar(15),
room_number varchar(7),
time_slot_id varchar(4),
primary key (course_id, sec_id, semester, year),
foreign key (course_id) references course (course_id)
on delete cascade,
foreign key (building, room_number) references classroom (building, room_number)
on delete set null
);
create table teaches
(ID varchar(5),
course_id varchar(8),
sec_id varchar(8),
semester varchar(6),
year numeric(4,0),
primary key (ID, course_id, sec_id, semester, year),
foreign key (course_id, sec_id, semester, year) references section (course_id, sec_id, semester, year)
on delete cascade,
foreign key (ID) references instructor (ID)
on delete cascade
);
create table student
(ID varchar(5),
name varchar(20) not null,
dept_name varchar(20),
tot_cred numeric(3,0) check (tot_cred >= 0),
primary key (ID),
foreign key (dept_name) references department (dept_name)
on delete set null
);
create table takes
(ID varchar(5),
course_id varchar(8),
sec_id varchar(8),
semester varchar(6),
year numeric(4,0),
grade varchar(2),
primary key (ID, course_id, sec_id, semester, year),
foreign key (course_id, sec_id, semester, year) references section (course_id, sec_id, semester, year)
on delete cascade,
foreign key (ID) references student (ID)
on delete cascade
);
create table advisor
(s_ID varchar(5),
i_ID varchar(5),
primary key (s_ID),
foreign key (i_ID) references instructor (ID)
on delete set null,
foreign key (s_ID) references student (ID)
on delete cascade
);
create table time_slot
(time_slot_id varchar(4),
day varchar(1),
start_hr numeric(2) check (start_hr >= 0 and start_hr < 24),
start_min numeric(2) check (start_min >= 0 and start_min < 60),
end_hr numeric(2) check (end_hr >= 0 and end_hr < 24),
end_min numeric(2) check (end_min >= 0 and end_min < 60),
primary key (time_slot_id, day, start_hr, start_min)
);
create table prereq
(course_id varchar(8),
prereq_id varchar(8),
primary key (course_id, prereq_id),
foreign key (course_id) references course (course_id)
on delete cascade,
foreign key (prereq_id) references course (course_id)
);
show tables;
2.插入数据
以下sql代码用于对指定表插入数据
smallRelationInsertFile.sql
use University;
delete from prereq;
delete from time_slot;
delete from advisor;
delete from takes;
delete from student;
delete from teaches;
delete from section;
delete from instructor;
delete from course;
delete from department;
delete from classroom;
insert into classroom values ('Packard', '101', '500');
insert into classroom values ('Painter', '514', '10');
insert into classroom values ('Taylor', '3128', '70');
insert into classroom values ('Watson', '100', '30');
insert into classroom values ('Watson', '120', '50');
insert into department values ('Biology', 'Watson', '90000');
insert into department values ('Comp. Sci.', 'Taylor', '100000');
insert into department values ('Elec. Eng.', 'Taylor', '85000');
insert into department values ('Finance', 'Painter', '120000');
insert into department values ('History', 'Painter', '50000');
insert into department values ('Music', 'Packard', '80000');
insert into department values ('Physics', 'Watson', '70000');
insert into course values ('BIO-101', 'Intro. to Biology', 'Biology', '4');
insert into course values ('BIO-301', 'Genetics', 'Biology', '4');
insert into course values ('BIO-399', 'Computational Biology', 'Biology', '3');
insert into course values ('CS-101', 'Intro. to Computer Science', 'Comp. Sci.', '4');
insert into course values ('CS-190', 'Game Design', 'Comp. Sci.', '4');
insert into course values ('CS-315', 'Robotics', 'Comp. Sci.', '3');
insert into course values ('CS-319', 'Image Processing', 'Comp. Sci.', '3');
insert into course values ('CS-347', 'Database System Concepts', 'Comp. Sci.', '3');
insert into course values ('EE-181', 'Intro. to Digital Systems', 'Elec. Eng.', '3');
insert into course values ('FIN-201', 'Investment Banking', 'Finance', '3');
insert into course values ('HIS-351', 'World History', 'History', '3');
insert into course values ('MU-199', 'Music Video Production', 'Music', '3');
insert into course values ('PHY-101', 'Physical Principles', 'Physics', '4');
insert into instructor values ('10101', 'Srinivasan', 'Comp. Sci.', '65000');
insert into instructor values ('12121', 'Wu', 'Finance', '90000');
insert into instructor values ('15151', 'Mozart', 'Music', '40000');
insert into instructor values ('22222', 'Einstein', 'Physics', '95000');
insert into instructor values ('32343', 'El Said', 'History', '60000');
insert into instructor values ('33456', 'Gold', 'Physics', '87000');
insert into instructor values ('45565', 'Katz', 'Comp. Sci.', '75000');
insert into instructor values ('58583', 'Califieri', 'History', '62000');
insert into instructor values ('76543', 'Singh', 'Finance', '80000');
insert into instructor values ('76766', 'Crick', 'Biology', '72000');
insert into instructor values ('83821', 'Brandt', 'Comp. Sci.', '92000');
insert into instructor values ('98345', 'Kim', 'Elec. Eng.', '80000');
insert into section values ('BIO-101', '1', 'Summer', '2017', 'Painter', '514', 'B');
insert into section values ('BIO-301', '1', 'Summer', '2018', 'Painter', '514', 'A');
insert into section values ('CS-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'Packard', '101', 'H');
insert into section values ('CS-101', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'Packard', '101', 'F');
insert into section values ('CS-190', '1', 'Spring', '2017', 'Taylor', '3128', 'E');
insert into section values ('CS-190', '2', 'Spring', '2017', 'Taylor', '3128', 'A');
insert into section values ('CS-315', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'Watson', '120', 'D');
insert into section values ('CS-319', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'Watson', '100', 'B');
insert into section values ('CS-319', '2', 'Spring', '2018', 'Taylor', '3128', 'C');
insert into section values ('CS-347', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'Taylor', '3128', 'A');
insert into section values ('EE-181', '1', 'Spring', '2017', 'Taylor', '3128', 'C');
insert into section values ('FIN-201', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'Packard', '101', 'B');
insert into section values ('HIS-351', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'Painter', '514', 'C');
insert into section values ('MU-199', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'Packard', '101', 'D');
insert into section values ('PHY-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'Watson', '100', 'A');
insert into teaches values ('10101', 'CS-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017');
insert into teaches values ('10101', 'CS-315', '1', 'Spring', '2018');
insert into teaches values ('10101', 'CS-347', '1', 'Fall', '2017');
insert into teaches values ('12121', 'FIN-201', '1', 'Spring', '2018');
insert into teaches values ('15151', 'MU-199', '1', 'Spring', '2018');
insert into teaches values ('22222', 'PHY-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017');
insert into teaches values ('32343', 'HIS-351', '1', 'Spring', '2018');
insert into teaches values ('45565', 'CS-101', '1', 'Spring', '2018');
insert into teaches values ('45565', 'CS-319', '1', 'Spring', '2018');
insert into teaches values ('76766', 'BIO-101', '1', 'Summer', '2017');
insert into teaches values ('76766', 'BIO-301', '1', 'Summer', '2018');
insert into teaches values ('83821', 'CS-190', '1', 'Spring', '2017');
insert into teaches values ('83821', 'CS-190', '2', 'Spring', '2017');
insert into teaches values ('83821', 'CS-319', '2', 'Spring', '2018');
insert into teaches values ('98345', 'EE-181', '1', 'Spring', '2017');
insert into student values ('00128', 'Zhang', 'Comp. Sci.', '102');
insert into student values ('12345', 'Shankar', 'Comp. Sci.', '32');
insert into student values ('19991', 'Brandt', 'History', '80');
insert into student values ('23121', 'Chavez', 'Finance', '110');
insert into student values ('44553', 'Peltier', 'Physics', '56');
insert into student values ('45678', 'Levy', 'Physics', '46');
insert into student values ('54321', 'Williams', 'Comp. Sci.', '54');
insert into student values ('55739', 'Sanchez', 'Music', '38');
insert into student values ('70557', 'Snow', 'Physics', '0');
insert into student values ('76543', 'Brown', 'Comp. Sci.', '58');
insert into student values ('76653', 'Aoi', 'Elec. Eng.', '60');
insert into student values ('98765', 'Bourikas', 'Elec. Eng.', '98');
insert into student values ('98988', 'Tanaka', 'Biology', '120');
insert into takes values ('00128', 'CS-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'A');
insert into takes values ('00128', 'CS-347', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'A-');
insert into takes values ('12345', 'CS-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'C');
insert into takes values ('12345', 'CS-190', '2', 'Spring', '2017', 'A');
insert into takes values ('12345', 'CS-315', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'A');
insert into takes values ('12345', 'CS-347', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'A');
insert into takes values ('19991', 'HIS-351', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'B');
insert into takes values ('23121', 'FIN-201', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'C+');
insert into takes values ('44553', 'PHY-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'B-');
insert into takes values ('45678', 'CS-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'F');
insert into takes values ('45678', 'CS-101', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'B+');
insert into takes values ('45678', 'CS-319', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'B');
insert into takes values ('54321', 'CS-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'A-');
insert into takes values ('54321', 'CS-190', '2', 'Spring', '2017', 'B+');
insert into takes values ('55739', 'MU-199', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'A-');
insert into takes values ('76543', 'CS-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'A');
insert into takes values ('76543', 'CS-319', '2', 'Spring', '2018', 'A');
insert into takes values ('76653', 'EE-181', '1', 'Spring', '2017', 'C');
insert into takes values ('98765', 'CS-101', '1', 'Fall', '2017', 'C-');
insert into takes values ('98765', 'CS-315', '1', 'Spring', '2018', 'B');
insert into takes values ('98988', 'BIO-101', '1', 'Summer', '2017', 'A');
insert into takes values ('98988', 'BIO-301', '1', 'Summer', '2018', null);
insert into advisor values ('00128', '45565');
insert into advisor values ('12345', '10101');
insert into advisor values ('23121', '76543');
insert into advisor values ('44553', '22222');
insert into advisor values ('45678', '22222');
insert into advisor values ('76543', '45565');
insert into advisor values ('76653', '98345');
insert into advisor values ('98765', '98345');
insert into advisor values ('98988', '76766');
insert into time_slot values ('A', 'M', '8', '0', '8', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('A', 'W', '8', '0', '8', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('A', 'F', '8', '0', '8', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('B', 'M', '9', '0', '9', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('B', 'W', '9', '0', '9', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('B', 'F', '9', '0', '9', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('C', 'M', '11', '0', '11', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('C', 'W', '11', '0', '11', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('C', 'F', '11', '0', '11', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('D', 'M', '13', '0', '13', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('D', 'W', '13', '0', '13', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('D', 'F', '13', '0', '13', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('E', 'T', '10', '30', '11', '45 ');
insert into time_slot values ('E', 'R', '10', '30', '11', '45 ');
insert into time_slot values ('F', 'T', '14', '30', '15', '45 ');
insert into time_slot values ('F', 'R', '14', '30', '15', '45 ');
insert into time_slot values ('G', 'M', '16', '0', '16', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('G', 'W', '16', '0', '16', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('G', 'F', '16', '0', '16', '50');
insert into time_slot values ('H', 'W', '10', '0', '12', '30');
insert into prereq values ('BIO-301', 'BIO-101');
insert into prereq values ('BIO-399', 'BIO-101');
insert into prereq values ('CS-190', 'CS-101');
insert into prereq values ('CS-315', 'CS-101');
insert into prereq values ('CS-319', 'CS-101');
insert into prereq values ('CS-347', 'CS-101');
insert into prereq values ('EE-181', 'PHY-101');
对于MySQL Workbench用户，你可能需要关闭以下选项：
因为在sql文件的delete语句中，出于安全因素考虑无法删除空表内容
IV.对表进行查询
我们使用如下语句：
select * from instructor
select name from instructor where dept_name = 'Comp. Sci.' and salary > 70000
select * from instructor, department where instructor.dept_name = department.dept_name
可以得到：
此外，还有另一个数据量比较大的sql代码：
点击下载 largeRelationsInsertFile.sql
按照如上操作插入数据之后，再执行相同的Query操作可得：
以上就是全部内容，如果有任何疑问，欢迎评论区留言。