Django实战（7)——在线人脸识别系统（第一步、实现图片上传和MySQL数据库的对接，ORM操作数据库）

首先这个项目是属于我的省级大创（大学生创新实验计划）的，最终实现的目标是可以上传图片作为人来能识别库，并且人脸识别结果用语音报出来。

现在第一步，先实现数据库的对接，这一次用MySQL数据库，过几天也许会考虑改成Redis来存放，毕竟存放如数据库的是图片在服务器端的存放地址，而不可能是整个图片的信息；毕竟这是一个键值对，完全可以用Redis的String来存放。

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现在来具体介绍下views.py文件：

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Name_Picture
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
import os


def data(request):
    datas = Name_Picture.get_all()

    context = {
        'datas': datas,
    }
    return render(request, 'data.html', context=context)


def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html')


def upload_file(request):

    if request.method == "POST":    # 请求方法为POST时，进行处理
        myFile = request.FILES.get("myfile", None)    # 获取上传的文件，如果没有文件，则默认为None
        if not myFile:
            return HttpResponse("no files for upload!")
        destination = open(os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name), 'wb+')    # 打开特定的文件进行二进制的写操作

        for chunk in myFile.chunks():      # 分块写入文件
            destination.write(chunk)
        destination.close()

        pictureLocation = os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name)
        data = Name_Picture()
        data.picture = pictureLocation
        username = request.POST['username']
        data.names = username
        data.save()

        return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')

    elif request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'index.html')

这里写了三个函数：data、index、upload；分别负责显示数据库的数据data、上传照片和人名index、上传文件功能的函数upload。注意看上传文件函数：

def upload_file(request):

    if request.method == "POST":    # 请求方法为POST时，进行处理
        myFile = request.FILES.get("myfile", None)    # 获取上传的文件，如果没有文件，则默认为None
        if not myFile:
            return HttpResponse("no files for upload!")
        destination = open(os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name), 'wb+')    # 打开特定的文件进行二进制的写操作

        for chunk in myFile.chunks():      # 分块写入文件
            destination.write(chunk)
        destination.close()

        pictureLocation = os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name)
        data = Name_Picture()
        data.picture = pictureLocation
        username = request.POST['username']
        data.names = username
        data.save()

        return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')

    elif request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'index.html')

由于第一次打开页面会使用get请求，第二次及以后才是post请求，所以要用if-else分开来写，当为post时上传文件，这一段是负责上传文件的：

# 获取上传的文件，如果没有文件，则默认为None
myFile = request.FILES.get("myfile", None)  
# 没有上传文件时的操作  
if not myFile:
    return HttpResponse("no files for upload!")
# 打开特定的文件进行二进制的写操作
destination = open(os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name), 'wb+')    
# 分块写入文件
for chunk in myFile.chunks():      
    destination.write(chunk)
destination.close()

下面是通过ORM映射入数据库的步骤：

# 记录图片保存的路径
pictureLocation = os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name)
# 从models.py传过来模型
data = Name_Picture()
data.picture = pictureLocation
# 传入数据
username = request.POST['username']
data.names = username
# 保存数据
data.save()
# 刷新页面
return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')

关于views.py文件就是这么多，下面看下models.py文件的定义。

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这是models.py文件：

from django.db import models


class Name_Picture(models.Model):
    names = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='姓名')
    picture = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='picture')

    def __str__(self):
        return '<names: {}>'.format(self.names)

    @classmethod
    def get_all(cls):
        return cls.objects.all()

    def get_name(self):
        return self.names

就定义了两个字段，names用于存放姓名，pictures用于存放图片路径。下面定义的都是些获取结果等可能用到的函数和方法，也不是很多。

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urls.py负责映射定义了网络地址（url），文件也不长：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url
from faceDataManagement.views import data, upload_file, index

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^index/', index),
    url(r'^data/', data),
    url(r'^uploadFile/', upload_file)
]

可以看到有四条url路径，分别对应着后台管理admin、上传数据（图片和姓名）index、查看数据库data、还有上传文件功能。

---

还有一个文件是admin.py，用于定义后台管理页面：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Name_Picture


class faceAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (
        'picture',
        'names',
    )

    fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'fields': (
                'names',
                'picture'
            )
        }),
    )

    list_editable = ['names']


admin.site.register(Name_Picture, faceAdmin)

可以看到结果是这样的：

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还有两张html如下：

index对应的上传页面：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>上传照片</title>
</head>
<body>
        <form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/uploadFile/" method="POST">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
            <input type="file" name="myfile" />
            <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
        </form>

</body>
</html>

如下所示：

 还有data页面，也比较简单：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>所有数据</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
    {% for data in datas %}
        <li>姓名：{{ data.names  }}-图片信息：{{ data.picture }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>

如下所示：

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最后是settings.py文件一揽，定义了数据库和汉化相关的内容：

"""
Django settings for faceWeb project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '$rwh(qrlx1)l^17n-pgl-3*7zu#g=d6p&*0ehxx8cv=%o$8!bo'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'faceDataManagement'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'faceWeb.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'faceWeb.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'face',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '56167823',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIR = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'cascades')
]

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