この参照番号およびパブリックリンク：
純粋仮想状態、今からマスター
あれば、今の一般的な、主は+にdo./may/can/should/must/oughtます
そして今という事実を仮想の反対
場合は、単純な過去、マスターは+にdo./might/could/should/oughtう
仮想過去の事実とは対照的に
やっていれば、主+にdone./might/could/should/oughtただろう
仮想将来の状況とは対照的に
。必要がある場合は... 場合...高い可能性：行う必要がある場合、主。+ウィルによって行います/月/ / / MUSTは/べき必要がありますすることができ、低い可能性を：行う必要がある場合は、主が。どうなる+ /はマイト/可能性/万一/べきであれば+やるべき命令法は、彼がここにある場合は、私は負かす事になります彼を。 彼がある場合には、ここで、私は彼を倒しますよ。彼がここにいたならば、私は打つだろう 。彼を（しかし、彼はここではないです）。 彼がいる場合、今あるここで、私は彼を倒すだろうが、彼はここではないです。彼がここにいたならば、私はでしょう 。彼を倒す持っている（しかし、彼はここにいないではなかった）。 彼がいる場合にあったここで、私は彼を倒すだろうが、彼はここではありませんでした。彼はここにする必要があります場合は、私がでしょう /私は彼を負かす事になります。 場合は、彼がいた中で、ここで、私は彼を倒しますよ。
私は遅刻する必要がある場合は、必ず 。私のために待って
、私は遅れていた場合、私のために待ってくださいどのような。
注意すべきです：
强烈与真理相反的虚拟语气。
if were to do，主 would + do./might/could/should/ought to
The sun doesn't rise in the west.
If the sun were to rise in the west, how surprised these sunflowers would be.
if的省略。
何秀华：had, should, were
时态不一致的假设。
从句与过去事实相反had done，主句与现在事实相反would。
if had done，主 would + do now/today./might/could/should/ought to
If I had started saving then, I would be able to buy a car now.
可替代if的其他连词，从句一般现在时。
Once一旦, when当, before, as soon as一旦, unless,
in case(that),in case of+名词, on condition that,
provided/ providing(that), so long as只要, as long as只要.
but for…若非/要不是…
与现在事实相反，若非…就…
If it were not [that(一般现在)]/[for + 名词]，｜
Without/but for + 名词，｜主 would + do./might/could/should/ought to
与过去事实相反，若非当时…就…
If it had not been [that(一般过去)]/[for + 名词]，｜
Without/but for + 名词，｜主 would + have done./might/could/should/ought to
If it were not that he works hard, I wouldn't like him.
=If it were not for his hard work, I…
=Were it not for his hard work, I…
=But for his hard work, I…
要不是他努力工作，我才不会喜欢他。
If it had not been that he lent me the money, I could not have bought that book.
=If it had not been for the money he lent me, I…
=Had it not been for the money he lent me, I…
=But for the money he lent to me, I…
要不是他当时借钱给我，我无法买到那本书。
lest…(Should)…以免…
I arrived on time lest he (should) be angry.
我准时到达，免得他生气。
as if…=as though…仿佛…
a.极大的可能→动词用一般时
It looks as if it's going to rain.
b.与现在事实相反→as if + 一般过去时
Mr wang loves me as if I were his own child.
c.与过去事实相反→as if + 过去完成时
He looked as if nothing had happened.
What if … should…？
/What if…一般现在…
要是…的话怎么样？要怎么办？
What if he should come？
What if he comes？
It is time that + 一般过去时
该是…的时候了
It's time we did it.
If only…要是…就好了
只能用一般过去时或过去完成时。
If only he were here.
I wish he were here.
要是他现在在这里就好了。
If only I had known it earlier.
I wish I had known it earlier.
要是我早点知道这件事就好了。
Wish (that)虚拟语气
wish(that)从句没有一般现在时
I wish (that)… 真希望…就好了
=I would rather (that)…
与现在事实相反→从句一般过去时
I wish he were here.
It's too bad that he is not here.
与过去事实相反→从句过去完成时
I wish I had studied harder when young.
hope
现在情况，
I hope he is safe.
将来情况，
I hope he will be back.
进行情况，
I hope they are having a good time.
完成情况，
I hope they have finished the work.
I hope (that) may& 祈使句
I hope you may pass the exam.
=May you pass the exam.
wish/hope 异同
异：表祝福
wish 双宾→that从句
I wish you a good time.
I wish my parents Longevity.
I hope you (may) have a good time.
I hope my parents can live long.
同：
wish/hope to do
wish/hope for 期望获得…
对过去事物的猜测的三种句型
Must have done, 一定曾经…
may have done,可能曾经…
cannot have done.不可能曾经…
didn't need to do.不必…同时也没有做。
needn't have done.不必…但却做了。
As I had enough money, I didn't need to borrow any from him.
Since you had enough money, you needn't have borrowed money from me, but why did you still borrow some？
意志动词 +(should)
建议，suggest, recommend, advise, urge(呼吁), purpose, move(提议).
要求，Ask, desire, demand, require, request, insist.
命令，Order, command.
规定，Rule, regulate, stipulate
主张，Advocate, maintain.
They suggested that he (should) come home on time.
suggest暗示, insist坚信, maintain坚决认为 + that 一般时.
His words suggested that he wasn't telling a lie.
他的话中暗示她绝不是在说谎。
He insists that the job isn't so difficult as one may think.
他深信这份工作没有一般人想象的那么困难。
Insist on doing.坚决要…(固执)
Persist in doing.从事…很执着(努力不放弃)
John insisted on going fishing even though a typhoon was coming.
Peter persisted in handling the problem all by himself.
有必要的adj that +(should)。
necessary, important, essential, imperative urgent, desirable, recommendable, advisable.
有必要的，很重要的，不可或缺的，有绝对必要的，紧急的，合意的，值得推荐的，明智的
It's necessary that he (should) work hard.
他必须努力工作。
意志名词 + that从句作同位语 +(should) 。
It's my suggestion that he (should) study abroad.
As it were 可以说是…(插入语)
=so to speak.