Table of contents
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- 1. Greek and Hebrew alphabets
- 2. LATEX Mathematical Structure
- 3. Delimiter | Delimiter
- 4. Variable-sized symbols (equations shown show larger versions)
- 5. Standard function names
- 6. Binary operations | relational symbols
- 7. Arrow symbol
- 8. Miscellaneous symbols
- 9. Math Mode: Pitch
- 10. Matrix | Array environment and its instances
- 11. Other styles (math mode only)
- 12. Font size
- 13. Text Mode: Tones and Symbols
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More special symbols are not defined in base LATEX (NFSS), need to use \usepackage{amssymb}.
There are a lot of these symbols, so I won’t write examples. I will write a separate article for more LaTex | Markdown syntax.
1. Greek and Hebrew alphabets
symbol | grammar | symbol | grammar | symbol | grammar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a \alphaa | \alpha | β \betab | \beta | χ \chih | \chi |
d \deltad | \delta | ϵ \epsilonϵ | \epsilon | the \etathe | and |
γ \gamma c | \gamma | i \iotai | \iota | k \kappaK | \kappa |
λ \lambdal | \lambda | μ \mum | \mu | n \nun | \not |
oooo | o | ω \omegaoh | \omega | ϕ \phiϕ | \phi |
π \piPi | \pi | ψ \psip | \psi | ρ \rho r | \rho |
σ \sigma p | \sigma | τ \yeart | \ can | θ \theta i | \theta |
υ \upsilonu | \upsilon | ξ \xi X | \xi | ζ \zetag | \zeta |
ϝ \digammaϝ | \digamma | ε \varepsilone | \varepsilon | ϰ \thiefϰ | \varkappa |
φ \varphiPhi | \varphi | ϖ \castp | \cast | ϱ \varrho ϱ | \varrho |
ς \varsigma s | \varsigma | ϑ \vartheta ϑ | \vartheta | D \DeltaD | \Delta |
Γ \Gamma C | \Gamma | Λ \LambdaL | \Lambda | Ω \OmegaOh | \Omega |
Φ \PhiPhi | \Phi | Π \PiPi | \Pi | Ψ \PsiPs | \Psi |
Σ \Sigma S | \Sigma | Θ \Theta Th | \Theta | Υ \UpsilonY | \Upsilon |
Ξ \Xi X | \Xi | ℵ \aleph A | \aleph | ℶ \whatB | \beth |
ℸ \daleth ℸ | \daleth | ℷ \gimelthird | \gimel |
2. LATEX Mathematical Structure
symbol | grammar | symbol | grammar | symbol | grammar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a b c x y z \frac{abc}{xyz} xyzabc | \frac{abc}{xyz} | a b c ‾ \overline{abc} abc | \overline{abc} | a b c → \overrightarrow{abc} abc | \overrightarrow{abc} |
f ′ f' f′ | f’ | a b c ‾ \underline{abc} abc | \underline{abc} | a b c ← \overleftarrow{abc} abc | \overleftarrow{abc} |
a b c \sqrt{abc} abc | \sqrt{abc} | a b c ^ \widehat{abc} abc | \widehat{abc} | a b c ⏞ \overbrace{abc} abc | \overbrace{abc} |
a b c n \sqrt[n]{abc} nabc | \sqrt[n]{abc} | a b c ~ \widetilde{abc} abc | \widetilde{abc} | a b c ⏟ \underbrace{abc} abc | \underbrace{abc} |
3. Delimiter | Delimiter
It is recommended to use
\left S1
and\right S2
to match the delimiterS1
andS2
the height of the content (S1
andS2
means two symbol pairs), such as:
\left| expression \right|
-> ∣ expression ∣ \left| expression \right|∣expression∣
\left\{ expression \right\}
-> { e x p r e s s i o n } \left\{ expression \right\} { expression}
\left\Vert expression \right\Vert
-> ∥ e x p r e s s i o n ∥ \left\Vert expression \right\Vert ∥expression∥
symbol | grammar | symbol | grammar | symbol | grammar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | | ∣ \vert ∣ | \vert | ∥ \| ∥ | \ | |
∥ \Vert ∥ | \Vert | { \{ { | \ { | } \} } | \ } |
⟨ \langle ⟨ | \langle | ⟩ \rangle ⟩ | \rangle | ⌊ \lfloor ⌊ | \lfloor |
⌋ \rfloor ⌋ | \rfloor | ⌈ \lceil ⌈ | \lceil | ⌉ \rceil ⌉ | \rceil |
/ / / | / | \ \backslash \ | \backslash | [ [ [ | [ |
] ] ] | ] | ⇑ \Uparrow ⇑ | \Uparrow | ↑ \uparrow ↑ | \uparrow |
⇓ \Downarrow ⇓ | \Downarrow | ↓ \downarrow ↓ | \downarrow | └ \llcorner └ | \llcorner |
┘ \lrcorner ┘ | \lrcorner | ┌ \ulcorner ┌ | \ulcorner | ┐ \urcorner ┐ | \urcorner |
4. 可变大小的符号(显示的公式显示较大的版本)
符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
∑ \sum ∑ | \sum | ∏ \prod ∏ | \prod | ∐ \coprod ∐ | \coprod |
∫ \int ∫ | \int | ∮ \oint ∮ | \oint | ∬ \iint ∬ | \iint |
⨄ \biguplus ⨄ | \biguplus | ⋂ \bigcap ⋂ | \bigcap | ⋃ \bigcup ⋃ | \bigcup |
⨁ \bigoplus ⨁ | \bigoplus | ⨂ \bigotimes ⨂ | \bigotimes | ⨀ \bigodot ⨀ | \bigodot |
⋁ \bigvee ⋁ | \bigvee | ⋀ \bigwedge ⋀ | \bigwedge | ⨆ \bigsqcup ⨆ | \bigsqcup |
∨ \vee ∨ | \vee | ⊗ \otimes ⊗ | \otimes | ⊔ \sqcup ⊔ | \sqcup |
最后一行显示的是正常大小,可看出大小差别
5. 标准函数名称
函数名称应该用罗马体,而不是斜体,如:
正确:\tan(at-n\pi)
−> tan ( a t − n π ) \tan(at-n\pi) tan(at−nπ)
错误:tan(at-n\pi)
−> t a n ( a t − n π ) tan(at-n\pi) tan(at−nπ)
符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cos \cos cos | \cos | sin \sin sin | \sin | tan \tan tan | \tan |
arccos \arccos arccos | \arccos | arcsin \arcsin arcsin | \arcsin | arctan \arctan arctan | \arctan |
csc \csc csc | \csc | sec \sec sec | \sec | cot \cot cot | \cot |
log \log log | \log | ln \ln ln | \ln | lim \lim lim | \lim |
min \min min | \min | max \max max | \max | exp \exp exp | \exp |
cosh \cosh cosh | \cosh | sinh \sinh sinh | \sinh | tanh \tanh tanh | \tanh |
lim sup \limsup limsup | \limsup | sup \sup sup | \sup | coth \coth coth | \coth |
ker \ker ker | \ker | deg \deg deg | \deg | gcd \gcd gcd | \gcd |
lg \lg lg | \lg | Pr \Pr Pr | \Pr | det \det det | \det |
hom \hom hom | \hom | arg \arg arg | \arg | dim \dim dim | \dim |
inf \inf inf | \inf | lim inf \liminf liminf | \liminf |
6. 二元操作 | 关系符号
符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∗ \ast ∗ | \ast | ± \pm ± | \pm | ∩ \cap ∩ | \cap | ⊲ \lhd ⊲ | \lhd |
⋆ \star ⋆ | \star | ∓ \mp ∓ | \mp | ∪ \cup ∪ | \cup | ⊳ \rhd ⊳ | \rhd |
⋅ \cdot ⋅ | \cdot | ⨿ \amalg ⨿ | \amalg | ⊎ \uplus ⊎ | \uplus | ◃ \triangleleft ◃ | \triangleleft |
∘ \circ ∘ | \circ | ⊙ \odot ⊙ | \odot | ⊓ \sqcap ⊓ | \sqcap | ▹ \triangleright ▹ | \triangleright |
∙ \bullet ∙ | \bullet | ⊖ \ominus ⊖ | \ominus | ⊔ \sqcup ⊔ | \sqcup | ⊴ \unlhd ⊴ | \unlhd |
◯ \bigcirc ◯ | \bigcirc | ⊕ \oplus ⊕ | \oplus | ∧ \wedge ∧ | \wedge | ⊵ \unrhd ⊵ | \unrhd |
⋄ \diamond ⋄ | \diamond | ⊘ \oslash ⊘ | \oslash | ∨ \vee ∨ | \vee | ▽ \bigtriangledown ▽ | \bigtriangledown |
× \times × | \times | ⊗ \otimes ⊗ | \otimes | † \dagger † | \dagger | △ \bigtriangleup △ | \bigtriangleup |
÷ \div ÷ | \div | ≀ \wr ≀ | \wr | ‡ \ddagger ‡ | \ddagger | ∖ \setminus ∖ | \setminus |
⋅ \centerdot ⋅ | \centerdot | □ \Box □ | \Box | ⊼ \barwedge ⊼ | \barwedge | ⊻ \veebar ⊻ | \veebar |
⊛ \circledast ⊛ | \circledast | ⊞ \boxplus ⊞ | \boxplus | ⋏ \curlywedge ⋏ | \curlywedge | ⋎ \curlyvee ⋎ | \curlyvee |
⊚ \circledcirc ⊚ | \circledcirc | ⊟ \boxminus ⊟ | \boxminus | ⋒ \Cap ⋒ | \Cap | ⋓ \Cup ⋓ | \Cup |
⊝ \circleddash ⊝ | \circleddash | ⊠ \boxtimes ⊠ | \boxtimes | ⊥ \bot ⊥ | \bot | ⊤ \top ⊤ | \top |
∔ \dotplus ∔ | \dotplus | ⊡ \boxdot ⊡ | \boxdot | ⊺ \intercal ⊺ | \intercal | ⋌ \rightthreetimes ⋌ | \rightthreetimes |
⋇ \divideontimes ⋇ | \divideontimes | □ \square □ | \square | ⩞ \doublebarwedge ⩞ | \doublebarwedge | ⋋ \leftthreetimes ⋋ | \leftthreetimes |
≡ \equiv ≡ | \equiv | ≤ \leq ≤ | \leq | ≥ \geq ≥ | \geq | ⊥ \perp ⊥ | \perp |
≅ \cong ≅ | \cong | ≺ \prec ≺ | \prec | ≻ \succ ≻ | \succ | ∣ \mid ∣ | \mid |
≠ \neq = | \neq | ⪯ \preceq ⪯ | \preceq | ⪰ \succeq ⪰ | \succeq | ∥ \parallel ∥ | \parallel |
∼ \sim ∼ | \sim | ≪ \ll ≪ | \ll | ≫ \gg ≫ | \gg | ⋈ \bowtie ⋈ | \bowtie |
≃ \simeq ≃ | \simeq | ⊂ \subset ⊂ | \subset | ⊃ \supset ⊃ | \supset | ⋈ \Join ⋈ | \Join |
≈ \approx ≈ | \approx | ⊆ \subseteq ⊆ | \subseteq | ⊇ \supseteq ⊇ | \supseteq | ⋉ \ltimes ⋉ | \ltimes |
≍ \asymp ≍ | \asymp | ⊏ \sqsubset ⊏ | \sqsubset | ⊐ \sqsupset ⊐ | \sqsupset | ⋊ \rtimes ⋊ | \rtimes |
≐ \doteq ≐ | \doteq | ⊑ \sqsubseteq ⊑ | \sqsubseteq | ⊒ \sqsupseteq ⊒ | \sqsupseteq | ⌣ \smile ⌣ | \smile |
∝ \propto ∝ | \propto | ⊣ \dashv ⊣ | \dashv | ⊢ \vdash ⊢ | \vdash | ⌢ \frown ⌢ | \frown |
⊨ \models ⊨ | \models | ∈ \in ∈ | \in | ∋ \ni ∋ | \ni | ∉ \notin ∈/ | \notin |
≊ \approxeq ≊ | \approxeq | ≦ \leqq ≦ | \leqq | ≧ \geqq ≧ | \geqq | ≶ \lessgtr ≶ | \lessgtr |
∼ \thicksim ∼ | \thicksim | ⩽ \leqslant ⩽ | \leqslant | ⩾ \geqslant ⩾ | \geqslant | ⋚ \lesseqgtr ⋚ | \lesseqgtr |
∽ \backsim ∽ | \backsim | ⪅ \lessapprox ⪅ | \lessapprox | ⪆ \gtrapprox ⪆ | \gtrapprox | ⪋ \lesseqqgtr ⪋ | \lesseqqgtr |
⋍ \backsimeq ⋍ | \backsimeq | ⋘ \lll ⋘ | \lll | ⋙ \ggg ⋙ | \ggg | ⪌ \gtreqqless ⪌ | \gtreqqless |
≜ \triangleq ≜ | \triangleq | ⋖ \lessdot ⋖ | \lessdot | ⋗ \gtrdot ⋗ | \gtrdot | ⋛ \gtreqless ⋛ | \gtreqless |
≗ \circeq ≗ | \circeq | ≲ \lesssim ≲ | \lesssim | ≳ \gtrsim ≳ | \gtrsim | ≷ \gtrless ≷ | \gtrless |
≏ \bumpeq ≏ | \bumpeq | ⪕ \eqslantless ⪕ | \eqslantless | ⪖ \eqslantgtr ⪖ | \eqslantgtr | ∍ \backepsilon ∍ | \backepsilon |
≎ \Bumpeq ≎ | \Bumpeq | ≾ \precsim ≾ | \precsim | ≿ \succsim ≿ | \succsim | ≬ \between ≬ | \between |
≑ \doteqdot ≑ | \doteqdot | ⪷ \precapprox ⪷ | \precapprox | ⪸ \succapprox ⪸ | \succapprox | ⋔ \pitchfork ⋔ | \pitchfork |
≈ \thickapprox ≈ | \thickapprox | ⋐ \Subset ⋐ | \Subset | ⋑ \Supset ⋑ | \Supset | ∣ \shortmid ∣ | \shortmid |
≒ \fallingdotseq ≒ | \fallingdotseq | ⫅ \subseteqq ⫅ | \subseteqq | ⫆ \supseteqq ⫆ | \supseteqq | ⌢ \smallfrown ⌢ | \smallfrown |
≓ \risingdotseq ≓ | \risingdotseq | ⊏ \sqsubset ⊏ | \sqsubset | ⊐ \sqsupset ⊐ | \sqsupset | ⌣ \smallsmile ⌣ | \smallsmile |
∝ \varpropto ∝ | \varpropto | ≼ \preccurlyeq ≼ | \preccurlyeq | ≽ \succcurlyeq ≽ | \succcurlyeq | ⊩ \Vdash ⊩ | \Vdash |
∴ \therefore ∴ | \therefore | ⋞ \curlyeqprec ⋞ | \curlyeqprec | ⋟ \curlyeqsucc ⋟ | \curlyeqsucc | ⊨ \vDash ⊨ | \vDash |
∵ \because ∵ | \because | ◀ \blacktriangleleft ◀ | \blacktriangleleft | ▶ \blacktriangleright ▶ | \blacktriangleright | ⊪ \Vvdash ⊪ | \Vvdash |
≖ \eqcirc ≖ | \eqcirc | ⊴ \trianglelefteq ⊴ | \trianglelefteq | ⊵ \trianglerighteq ⊵ | \trianglerighteq | ∥ \shortparallel ∥ | \shortparallel |
≠ \neq = | \neq | ⊲ \vartriangleleft ⊲ | \vartriangleleft | ⊳ \vartriangleright ⊳ | \vartriangleright | ∦ \nshortparallel | \nshortparallel |
≆ \ncong ≆ | \ncong | ≰ \nleq ≰ | \nleq | ≱ \ngeq ≱ | \ngeq | ⊈ \nsubseteq ⊈ | \nsubseteq |
∤ \nmid ∤ | \nmid | ≰ \nleqq | \nleqq | ≱ \ngeqq | \ngeqq | ⊉ \nsupseteq ⊉ | \nsupseteq |
∦ \nparallel ∦ | \nparallel | ≰ \nleqslant | \nleqslant | ≱ \ngeqslant | \ngeqslant | ⊈ \nsubseteqq | \nsubseteqq |
∤ \nshortmid | \nshortmid | ≮ \nless ≮ | \nless | ≯ \ngtr ≯ | \ngtr | ⊉ \nsupseteqq | \nsupseteqq |
∦ \nshortparallel | \nshortparallel | ⊀ \nprec ⊀ | \nprec | ⊁ \nsucc ⊁ | \nsucc | ⊊ \subsetneq ⊊ | \subsetneq |
≁ \nsim ≁ | \nsim | ⋠ \npreceq ⋠ | \npreceq | ⋡ \nsucceq ⋡ | \nsucceq | ⊋ \supsetneq ⊋ | \supsetneq |
⊯ \nVDash ⊯ | \nVDash | ⪹ \precnapprox ⪹ | \precnapprox | ⪺ \succnapprox ⪺ | \succnapprox | ⫋ \subsetneqq ⫋ | \subsetneqq |
⊭ \nvDash ⊭ | \nvDash | ⋨ \precnsim ⋨ | \precnsim | ⋩ \succnsim ⋩ | \succnsim | ⫌ \supsetneqq ⫌ | \supsetneqq |
⊬ \nvdash ⊬ | \nvdash | ⪉ \lnapprox ⪉ | \lnapprox | ⪊ \gnapprox ⪊ | \gnapprox | ⊊ \varsubsetneq | \varsubsetneq |
⋪ \ntriangleleft ⋪ | \ntriangleleft | ⪇ \lneq ⪇ | \lneq | ⪈ \gneq ⪈ | \gneq | ⊋ \varsupsetneq | \varsupsetneq |
⋬ \ntrianglelefteq ⋬ | \ntrianglelefteq | ≨ \lneqq ≨ | \lneqq | ≩ \gneqq ≩ | \gneqq | ⫋ \varsubsetneqq | \varsubsetneqq |
⋫ \ntriangleright ⋫ | \ntriangleright | ⋦ \lnsim ⋦ | \lnsim | ⋧ \gnsim ⋧ | \gnsim | ⫌ \varsupsetneqq | \varsupsetneqq |
⋭ \ntrianglerighteq ⋭ | \ntrianglerighteq | ≨ \lvertneqq | \lvertneqq | ≩ \gvertneqq | \gvertneqq |
\Join
⋈ \Join ⋈符号应该是粗体,CSDN采用KaTex语法所以看起来和\bowtie
⋈ \bowtie ⋈一样。
7. 箭头符号
符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
← \leftarrow ← | \leftarrow | ⟵ \longleftarrow ⟵ | \longleftarrow | ↑ \uparrow ↑ | \uparrow |
⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐ | \Leftarrow | ⟸ \Longleftarrow ⟸ | \Longleftarrow | ⇑ \Uparrow ⇑ | \Uparrow |
→ \rightarrow → | \rightarrow | ⟶ \longrightarrow ⟶ | \longrightarrow | ↓ \downarrow ↓ | \downarrow |
⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒ | \Rightarrow | ⟹ \Longrightarrow ⟹ | \Longrightarrow | ⇓ \Downarrow ⇓ | \Downarrow |
↔ \leftrightarrow ↔ | \leftrightarrow | ⟷ \longleftrightarrow ⟷ | \longleftrightarrow | ↕ \updownarrow ↕ | \updownarrow |
⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇔ | \Leftrightarrow | ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow ⟺ | \Longleftrightarrow | ⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕ | \Updownarrow |
↦ \mapsto ↦ | \mapsto | ⟼ \longmapsto ⟼ | \longmapsto | ↗ \nearrow ↗ | \nearrow |
↩ \hookleftarrow ↩ | \hookleftarrow | ↪ \hookrightarrow ↪ | \hookrightarrow | ↘ \searrow ↘ | \searrow |
↼ \leftharpoonup ↼ | \leftharpoonup | ⇀ \rightharpoonup ⇀ | \rightharpoonup | ↙ \swarrow ↙ | \swarrow |
↽ \leftharpoondown ↽ | \leftharpoondown | ⇁ \rightharpoondown ⇁ | \rightharpoondown | ↖ \nwarrow ↖ | \nwarrow |
⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ | \rightleftharpoons | ⇝ \leadsto ⇝ | \leadsto | ||
⇢ \dashrightarrow ⇢ | \dashrightarrow | ⇠ \dashleftarrow ⇠ | \dashleftarrow | ⇇ \leftleftarrows ⇇ | \leftleftarrows |
⇆ \leftrightarrows ⇆ | \leftrightarrows | ⇚ \Lleftarrow ⇚ | \Lleftarrow | ↞ \twoheadleftarrow ↞ | \twoheadleftarrow |
↢ \leftarrowtail ↢ | \leftarrowtail | ↫ \looparrowleft ↫ | \looparrowleft | ⇋ \leftrightharpoons ⇋ | \leftrightharpoons |
↶ \curvearrowleft ↶ | \curvearrowleft | ↺ \circlearrowleft ↺ | \circlearrowleft | ↰ \Lsh ↰ | \Lsh |
⇈ \upuparrows ⇈ | \upuparrows | ↿ \upharpoonleft ↿ | \upharpoonleft | ⇃ \downharpoonleft ⇃ | \downharpoonleft |
⊸ \multimap ⊸ | \multimap | ↭ \leftrightsquigarrow ↭ | \leftrightsquigarrow | ⇉ \rightrightarrows ⇉ | \rightrightarrows |
⇄ \rightleftarrows ⇄ | \rightleftarrows | ⇉ \rightrightarrows ⇉ | \rightrightarrows | ⇄ \rightleftarrows ⇄ | \rightleftarrows |
↠ \twoheadrightarrow ↠ | \twoheadrightarrow | ↣ \rightarrowtail ↣ | \rightarrowtail | ↬ \looparrowright ↬ | \looparrowright |
⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ | \rightleftharpoons | ↷ \curvearrowright ↷ | \curvearrowright | ↻ \circlearrowright ↻ | \circlearrowright |
↱ \Rsh ↱ | \Rsh | ⇊ \downdownarrows ⇊ | \downdownarrows | ↾ \upharpoonright ↾ | \upharpoonright |
⇂ \downharpoonright ⇂ | \downharpoonright | ⇝ \rightsquigarrow ⇝ | \rightsquigarrow | ||
↚ \nleftarrow ↚ | \nleftarrow | ↛ \nrightarrow ↛ | \nrightarrow | ⇍ \nLeftarrow ⇍ | \nLeftarrow |
⇏ \nRightarrow ⇏ | \nRightarrow | ↮ \nleftrightarrow ↮ | \nleftrightarrow | ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow ⇎ | \nLeftrightarrow |
8. 杂项符号
符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∞ \infty ∞ | \infty | ∀ \forall ∀ | \forall | k \Bbbk k | \Bbbk | ℘ \wp ℘ | \wp |
∇ \nabla ∇ | \nabla | ∃ \exists ∃ | \exists | ★ \bigstar ★ | \bigstar | ∠ \angle ∠ | \angle |
∂ \partial ∂ | \partial | ∄ \nexists ∄ | \nexists | ╲ \diagdown ╲ | \diagdown | ∡ \measuredangle ∡ | \measuredangle |
ð \eth ð | \eth | ∅ \emptyset ∅ | \emptyset | ╱ \diagup ╱ | \diagup | ∢ \sphericalangle ∢ | \sphericalangle |
♣ \clubsuit ♣ | \clubsuit | ∅ \varnothing ∅ | \varnothing | ◊ \Diamond ◊ | \Diamond | ∁ \complement ∁ | \complement |
♢ \diamondsuit ♢ | \diamondsuit | ı \imath ı | \imath | Ⅎ \Finv Ⅎ | \Finv | ▽ \triangledown ▽ | \triangledown |
♡ \heartsuit ♡ | \heartsuit | ȷ \jmath ȷ | \jmath | ⅁ \Game ⅁ | \Game | △ \triangle △ | \triangle |
♠ \spadesuit ♠ | \spadesuit | ℓ \ell ℓ | \ell | ℏ \hbar ℏ | \hbar | △ \vartriangle △ | \vartriangle |
⋯ \cdots ⋯ | \cdots | ∫ ∭ \int\iiint ∫∭ | \iiiint | ℏ \hslash ℏ | \hslash | ⧫ \blacklozenge ⧫ | \blacklozenge |
⋮ \vdots ⋮ | \vdots | ∭ \iiint ∭ | \iiint | ◊ \lozenge ◊ | \lozenge | ■ \blacksquare ■ | \blacksquare |
… \ldots … | \ldots | ∬ \iint ∬ | \iint | ℧ \mho ℧ | \mho | ▲ \blacktriangle ▲ | \blacktriangle |
⋱ \ddots ⋱ | \ddots | ♯ \sharp ♯ | \sharp | ′ \prime ′ | \prime | ▼ \blacktriangledown ▼ | \blacktriangledown |
ℑ \Im ℑ | \Im | ♭ \flat ♭ | \flat | □ \square □ | \square | ‵ \backprime ‵ | \backprime |
ℜ \Re ℜ | \Re | ♮ \natural ♮ | \natural | √ \surd √ | \surd | Ⓢ \circledS Ⓢ | \circledS |
注:四重积分无空格,这里是因为CSDN采用Katex语法而不是Latex语法,前者无法表示,故用空格隔开。
9. 数学模式:音调
符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a ˊ \acute{a} aˊ | \acute{a} | a ˉ \bar{a} aˉ | \bar{a} | A ˊ ˊ \acute{\acute{A}} Aˊˊ | \acute{\acute{A}} | A ˉ ˉ \bar{\bar{A}} Aˉˉ | \bar{\bar{A}} |
a ˘ \breve{a} a˘ | \breve{a} | a ˇ \check{a} aˇ | \check{a} | A ˘ ˘ \breve{\breve{A}} A˘˘ | \breve{\breve{A}} | A ˇ ˇ \check{\check{A}} Aˇˇ | \check{\check{A}} |
a ¨ \ddot{a} a¨ | \ddot{a} | a ˙ \dot{a} a˙ | \dot{a} | A ¨ ¨ \ddot{\ddot{A}} A¨¨ | \ddot{\ddot{A}} | A ˙ ˙ \dot{\dot{A}} A˙˙ | \dot{\dot{A}} |
a ˋ \grave{a} aˋ | \grave{a} | a ^ \hat{a} a^ | \hat{a} | A ˋ ˋ \grave{\grave{A}} Aˋˋ | \grave{\grave{A}} | A ^ ^ \hat{\hat{A}} A^^ | \hat{\hat{A}} |
a ~ \tilde{a} a~ | \tilde{a} | a ⃗ \vec{a} a | \vec{a} | A ~ ~ \tilde{\tilde{A}} A~~ | \tilde{\tilde{A}} | A ⃗ ⃗ \vec{\vec{A}} A | \vec{\vec{A}} |
10. 矩阵 | 阵列环境及其实例
最简单的格式:\begin{array}{cols} row1 \\ row2 \\ . . . rowm \end{array}
其中cols包括每一列的一个字符l
, r
, c
(垂直线 |
为可选插入字符),rowj包括字符&共(n - 1)个,用于分隔行中的n个元素。
例如:
$\left( \begin{array}{cc} 2\tau & 7\phi-\frac5{12} \\ 3\psi & \frac{\pi}8 \end{array} \right)$
( 2 τ 7 ϕ − 5 12 3 ψ π 8 ) \left( \begin{array}{cc} 2\tau & 7\phi-\frac5{12} \\ 3\psi & \frac{\pi}8 \end{array} \right) (2τ3ψ7ϕ−1258π)
$\left( \begin{array}{c} x \\ y \end{array} \right)$
( x y ) \left( \begin{array}{c} x \\ y \end{array} \right) (xy)
$\left[ \begin{array}{cc|r} 3 & 4 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 729 \end{array} \right] $
[ 3 4 5 1 3 729 ] \left[ \begin{array}{cc|r} 3 & 4 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 729 \end{array} \right] [31435729]
$f(z) = \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl}\overline{\overline{z^2}+\cos z} && |z|<3 \\ 0 && 3\leq|z|\leq5 \\ \sin\overline{z} && |z|>5 \end{array}\right.$
f ( z ) = { z 2 ‾ + cos z ‾ ∣ z ∣ < 3 0 3 ≤ ∣ z ∣ ≤ 5 sin z ‾ ∣ z ∣ > 5 f(z) = \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl}\overline{\overline{z^2}+\cos z} && |z|<3 \\ 0 && 3\leq|z|\leq5 \\ \sin\overline{z} && |z|>5 \end{array}\right. f(z)=⎩⎨⎧z2+cosz0sinz∣z∣<33≤∣z∣≤5∣z∣>5
11. 其他样式(仅数学模式)
书法字母:$\mathcal{A}$
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
空心字母:$\mathbb{A}$
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
德文尖角体字母:$\mathfrak{A}$
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t 1234567890 \mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTabcdefghijklmnopqrst1234567890} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTabcdefghijklmnopqrst1234567890
数学无衬线字母:$\mathsf{A}$
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t 1234567890 \mathsf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTabcdefghijklmnopqrst1234567890} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTabcdefghijklmnopqrst1234567890
数学粗体字母:$\mathbf{A}$
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q 1234567890 \mathbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRabcdefghijklmnopq1234567890} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRabcdefghijklmnopq1234567890
数学粗体斜体字母: 先定义\def\mathbi#1{\textbf{\em #1}}
,再使用$\mathbi{A}$
即可。(KaTex不显示所以这里不做演示。)
12. 字体大小
数学模式:
${\displaystyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ ∫ f − 1 ( x − x a ) d x {\displaystyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx} ∫f−1(x−xa)dx
${\textstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ ∫ f − 1 ( x − x a ) d x {\textstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx} ∫f−1(x−xa)dx
${\scriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ ∫ f − 1 ( x − x a ) d x {\scriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx} ∫f−1(x−xa)dx
${\scriptscriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$
⟹ \Longrightarrow ⟹ ∫ f − 1 ( x − x a ) d x {\scriptscriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx} ∫f−1(x−xa)dx
文本模式:
$\Huge Huge~size$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ H u g e s i z e \Huge Huge~size Huge size
$\huge huge~size$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ h u g e s i z e \huge huge~size huge size
$\LARGE LARGE~size$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ L A R G E s i z e \LARGE LARGE~size LARGE size
$\Large Large~size$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ L a r g e s i z e \Large Large~size Large size
$\large large~size$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ l a r g e s i z e \large large~size large size
$\normalsize normal~size$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ n o r m a l s i z e \normalsize normal~size normal size
$\small small~size$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ s m a l l s i z e \small small~size small size
$\footnotesize smaller~size$
⟹ ~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ s m a l l e r s i z e \footnotesize smaller~size smaller size
$\scriptsize very~small~size$
⟹ ~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ v e r y s m a l l s i z e \scriptsize very~small~size very small size
$\tiny smallest~size$
⟹ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\Longrightarrow ⟹ s m a l l e s t s i z e \tiny smallest~size smallest size
\textstyle
和\normalsize
可省略。
13. 文本模式:音调和符号
符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 | 符号 | 语法 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
© \copyright c◯ | \copyright | £ \pounds £ | \pounds | † \dag † | \dag | ‡ \ddag ‡ | \ddag |
其余KaTex语法无法显示的就不写了,反正这部分也几乎不会用到。
参考美国莱斯大学计算与应用数学学院(Rice CAAM)发表的文档,并做了部分错误修正。
如有错漏请不吝指正。
这些符号比较多,就不写使用例子了,更多LaTex | Markdown语法我会写在另起文章。