Mysql avanzado: herramienta de análisis de rendimiento (2)

Enterprise 2023-10-01 01:54:45 views: null

6. Analice la declaración de la consulta: EXPLICAR

6.1 Sintaxis básica

La sintaxis de la declaración EXPLAIN o DESCRIBE es la siguiente:

EXPLAIN SELECT select_options
或者
DESCRIBE SELECT select_options

Si queremos ver el plan de ejecución de una determinada consulta, podemos agregar una EXPLICACIÓN delante de la declaración de consulta específica, como esta:

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT 1;

Las funciones de cada columna generada por la declaración EXPLAIN son las siguientes:

Insertar descripción de la imagen aquí

6.2 Preparación de datos

CREATE TABLE s1 (
	id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
	key1 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	key2 INT,
	key3 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	key_part1 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	key_part2 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	key_part3 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	common_field VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	PRIMARY KEY ( id ),
	INDEX idx_key1 ( key1 ),
	UNIQUE INDEX idx_key2 ( key2 ),
	INDEX idx_key3 ( key3 ),
	INDEX idx_key_part ( key_part1, key_part2, key_part3 ) 
) ENGINE = INNODB CHARSET = utf8;
CREATE TABLE s2 (
	id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
	key1 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	key2 INT,
	key3 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	key_part1 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	key_part2 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	key_part3 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	common_field VARCHAR ( 100 ),
	PRIMARY KEY ( id ),
	INDEX idx_key1 ( key1 ),
	UNIQUE INDEX idx_key2 ( key2 ),
	INDEX idx_key3 ( key3 ),
INDEX idx_key_part ( key_part1, key_part2, key_part3 ) 
) ENGINE = INNODB CHARSET = utf8;

Establecer el parámetro log_bin_trust_function_creators

Cree una función. Si se informa un error, debe habilitar el siguiente comando: Permitir la creación de configuraciones de función:

set global log_bin_trust_function_creators=1; # 不加global只是当前窗口有效。

Crear función

DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTION rand_string1 ( n INT ) RETURNS VARCHAR ( 255 ) #该函数会返回一个字符串
BEGIN
	DECLARE
		chars_str VARCHAR ( 100 ) DEFAULT 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFJHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
	DECLARE
		return_str VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT '';
	DECLARE
		i INT DEFAULT 0;
	WHILE
			i < n DO
			
			SET return_str = CONCAT(
				return_str,
			SUBSTRING( chars_str, FLOOR( 1+RAND ()* 52 ), 1 ));
		
		SET i = i + 1;
		
	END WHILE;
	RETURN return_str;
	
END // 
DELIMITER;

Crear procedimiento almacenado

Cree un procedimiento almacenado para insertar datos en la tabla s1:

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_s1 (
	IN min_num INT ( 10 ),
	IN max_num INT ( 10 )) BEGIN
	DECLARE
		i INT DEFAULT 0;
	
	SET autocommit = 0;
	REPEAT
			
			SET i = i + 1;
		INSERT INTO s1
		VALUES
			(
				( min_num + i ),
				rand_string1 ( 6 ),
				( min_num + 30 * i + 5 ),
				rand_string1 ( 6 ),
				rand_string1 ( 10 ),
				rand_string1 ( 5 ),
				rand_string1 ( 10 ),
			rand_string1 ( 10 ));
		UNTIL i = max_num 
	END REPEAT;
	COMMIT;
	
END // 
DELIMITER;

Cree un procedimiento almacenado para insertar datos en la tabla s2:

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_s2 (
	IN min_num INT ( 10 ),
	IN max_num INT ( 10 )) BEGIN
	DECLARE
		i INT DEFAULT 0;
	
	SET autocommit = 0;
	REPEAT
			
			SET i = i + 1;
		INSERT INTO s2
		VALUES
			(
				( min_num + i ),
				rand_string1 ( 6 ),
				( min_num + 30 * i + 5 ),
				rand_string1 ( 6 ),
				rand_string1 ( 10 ),
				rand_string1 ( 5 ),
				rand_string1 ( 10 ),
			rand_string1 ( 10 ));
		UNTIL i = max_num 
	END REPEAT;
	COMMIT;
	
END // 
DELIMITER;

Llamar al procedimiento almacenado

Agregar datos de la tabla s1: agregar 10,000 registros:

CALL insert_s1(10001,10000);

Agregar datos de la tabla s2: agregar 10,000 registros:

CALL insert_s2(10001,10000);

6.4 Las funciones de cada columna EXPLAIN

1. mesa

No importa cuán compleja sea nuestra declaración de consulta o cuántas tablas contenga, al final cada tabla necesitará ser accedida por una sola tabla, por lo tanto, MySQL estipula que cada registro generado por la declaración EXPLAIN corresponde a un único acceso a la tabla. , la columna de la tabla del registro representa el nombre de la tabla (a veces no es el nombre real de la tabla, puede ser la abreviatura).

2. identificación

Las declaraciones de consulta que escribimos generalmente comienzan con la palabra clave SELECT. Una declaración de consulta relativamente simple tiene solo una palabra clave SELECT, como la siguiente declaración de consulta:

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL                                  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | s1    | NULL       | ALL   | idx_key3      | NULL     | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using where |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | s2    | NULL       | index | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key2 FROM s2 WHERE common_field
    -> = 'a');
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref                | rows | filtered | Extra                              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | idx_key1      | NULL     | NULL    | NULL               | 9895 |   100.00 | Using where                        |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key2      | idx_key2 | 5       | atguigudb1.s1.key1 |    1 |    10.00 | Using index condition; Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 UNION SELECT * FROM s2;
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
| id | select_type  | table      | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra           |
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY      | s1         | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL            |
|  2 | UNION        | s2         | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL            |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2> | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL |     NULL | Using temporary |
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM s2;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL  |
|  2 | UNION       | s2    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  • Si los ID son iguales, pueden considerarse como un grupo y ejecutarse secuencialmente de arriba a abajo.
  • En todos los grupos, cuanto mayor sea el valor de identificación, mayor será la prioridad y la ejecución se realizará primero.
  • Punto de preocupación: cada número de identificación representa una consulta independiente. Cuanto menor sea el número de consultas en una declaración SQL, mejor.
3. seleccionar_tipo

Insertar descripción de la imagen aquí

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL                                  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 UNION SELECT * FROM s2;
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
| id | select_type  | table      | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra           |
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY      | s1         | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL            |
|  2 | UNION        | s2         | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL            |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2> | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL |     NULL | Using temporary |
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | s1    | NULL       | ALL   | idx_key3      | NULL     | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using where |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | s2    | NULL       | index | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2 WHERE s1.key2 =
    -> s2.key2) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type        | table | partitions | type | possible_keys     | key      | key_len | ref                | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | idx_key3          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL               | 9895 |   100.00 | Using where |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | s2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key2,idx_key1 | idx_key2 | 5       | atguigudb1.s1.key2 |    1 |    10.00 | Using where |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2 WHERE key1 =
    -> 'a' UNION SELECT key1 FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'b');
+----+--------------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table      | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+--------------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | s1         | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL  | 9895 |   100.00 | Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | s2         | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | const |    1 |   100.00 | Using where; Using index |
|  3 | DEPENDENT UNION    | s1         | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | const |    1 |   100.00 | Using where; Using index |
| NULL | UNION RESULT       | <union2,3> | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL  | NULL |     NULL | Using temporary          |
+----+--------------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
4 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM (SELECT key1, count(*) as c FROM s1 GROUP BY key1) AS
    -> derived_s1 where c > 1;
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table      | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |    33.33 | Using where |
|  2 | DERIVED     | s1         | NULL       | index | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2);
+----+--------------+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type  | table       | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key        | key_len | ref                | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+--------------+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE       | s1          | NULL       | ALL    | idx_key1      | NULL       | NULL    | NULL               | 9895 |   100.00 | Using where |
|  1 | SIMPLE       | <subquery2> | NULL       | eq_ref | <auto_key>    | <auto_key> | 303     | atguigudb1.s1.key1 |    1 |   100.00 | NULL        |
|  2 | MATERIALIZED | s2          | NULL       | index  | idx_key1      | idx_key1   | 303     | NULL               | 9895 |   100.00 | Using index |
+----+--------------+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
4.tipo ☆

Los métodos de acceso completos son los siguientes: system, const, eq_ref, ref, fulltext, ref_or_null, index_merge, Unique_subquery, index_subquery, range, index, ALL.

sistema

mysql> CREATE TABLE t(i int) Engine=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Luego miramos el plan de ejecución para consultar esta tabla:

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | system | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

constante

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE id = 10005;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

eq_ref

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.id = s2.id;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref              | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL    | PRIMARY       | NULL    | NULL    | NULL             | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | atguigudb1.s1.id |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

De los resultados del plan de ejecución se puede ver que MySQL tiene la intención de utilizar s2 como tabla de control y s1 como tabla de control. El método de acceso centrado en s1 es eq_ref, lo que indica que al acceder a la tabla s1, se puede acceder a ella. a través de la coincidencia equivalente de la clave primaria.

árbitro

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

ref_o_null

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a' OR key1 IS NULL;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type        | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref_or_null | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | const |    2 |   100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

index_merge

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a' OR key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type        | possible_keys     | key               | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | index_merge | idx_key1,idx_key3 | idx_key1,idx_key3 | 303,303 | NULL |    2 |   100.00 | Using union(idx_key1,idx_key3); Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Se puede ver en el valor de la columna de tipo del plan de ejecución que es index_merge. MySQL tiene la intención de utilizar la combinación de índices para ejecutar consultas en la tabla s1.

subconsulta_única

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key2 IN (SELECT id FROM s2 where s1.key1 =
    -> s2.key1) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+-----------------+------------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type        | table | partitions | type            | possible_keys    | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+-----------------+------------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | s1    | NULL       | ALL             | idx_key3         | NULL    | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using where |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | s2    | NULL       | unique_subquery | PRIMARY,idx_key1 | PRIMARY | 4       | func |    1 |    10.00 | Using where |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+-----------------+------------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

subconsulta_indice

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE common_field IN (SELECT key3 FROM s2 where
    -> s1.key1 = s2.key1) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type        | table | partitions | type | possible_keys     | key      | key_len | ref                | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | idx_key3          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL               | 9895 |   100.00 | Using where |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | s2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1,idx_key3 | idx_key1 | 303     | atguigudb1.s1.key1 |    1 |    10.00 | Using where |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

rango

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN ('a', 'b', 'c');
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | range | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL |    3 |   100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

rango

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'a' AND key1 < 'b';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | range | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL |  369 |   100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

índice

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT key_part2 FROM s1 WHERE key_part3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | index | NULL          | idx_key_part | 909     | NULL | 9895 |    10.00 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

TODO

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Los valores resultantes de mejor a peor son: system > const > eq_ref > ref > fulltext > ref_or_null > index_merge >unique_subquery > index_subquery > range > index > ALL Se extraen los más importantes (ver el azul en la imagen de arriba)) . El objetivo de la optimización del rendimiento de SQL: alcanzar al menos el nivel de rango, el requisito es el nivel de referencia, preferiblemente el nivel de constantes. (Requerido por el Manual de desarrollo de Alibaba)

5.possible_keys y clave
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z' AND key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys     | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1,idx_key3 | idx_key3 | 303     | const |    1 |     5.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
6. key_len ☆
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key2 = 10126;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | const | idx_key2      | idx_key2 | 5       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

La fórmula de cálculo de longitud de key_len:

varchar(10)变长字段且允许NULL = 10 * ( character set：
utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+1(NULL)+2(变长字段)
varchar(10)变长字段且不允许NULL = 10 * ( character set：utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+2(变长字段)
char(10)固定字段且允许NULL = 10 * ( character set：utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+1(NULL)
char(10)固定字段且不允许NULL = 10 * ( character set：utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)
7. árbitro
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.id = s2.id;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref              | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL    | PRIMARY       | NULL    | NULL    | NULL             | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | atguigudb1.s1.id |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s2.key1 = UPPER(s1.key1);
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | NULL                  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | func |    1 |   100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
8. filas ☆
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | range | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL |  364 |   100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
9. filtrado
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z' AND common_field = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | range | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL |  364 |    10.00 | Using index condition; Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
10.Más ☆
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE 1 != 1;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra            |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL |     NULL | Impossible WHERE |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE common_field = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 9895 |    10.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT MIN(key1) FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'abcdefg';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                   |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL |     NULL | No matching min/max row |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT key1 FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | const |    1 |   100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 ORDER BY key1 LIMIT 10;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | index | NULL          | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL |   10 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT key1, COUNT(*) AS amount FROM s1 GROUP BY key1;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | index | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL | 9895 |   100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  • EXPLAIN no considera varios cachés
  • EXPLAIN no puede mostrar el trabajo de optimización realizado por MySQL al ejecutar la consulta
  • EXPLAIN no le informa sobre desencadenantes, procedimientos almacenados o cómo las funciones definidas por el usuario afectan su consulta.
  • Algunas estadísticas son estimaciones, no valores exactos.

7. Uso adicional de EXPLICAR

Formato JSON: agregue FORMAT=JSON entre la palabra EXPLAIN y la declaración de consulta real.

EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON SELECT ....

mysql> EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON SELECT s1.key1, s2.key1 FROM s1 LEFT JOIN s2 ON s1.key1 = s2.key1 WHERE s2.common_field is not null;
| {
    
    
  "query_block": {
    
    
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
    
    
      "query_cost": "12762.60"
    },
    "nested_loop": [
      {
    
    
        "table": {
    
    
          "table_name": "s2",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": [
            "idx_key1"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 9895,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 8905,
          "filtered": "90.00",
          "cost_info": {
    
    
            "read_cost": "294.90",
            "eval_cost": "1781.10",
            "prefix_cost": "2076.00",
            "data_read_per_join": "15M"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "key1",
            "common_field"
          ],
          "attached_condition": "((`atguigudb1`.`s2`.`common_field` is not null) and (`atguigudb1`.`s2`.`key1` is not null))"
        }
      },
      {
    
    
        "table": {
    
    
          "table_name": "s1",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "idx_key1"
          ],
          "key": "idx_key1",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "key1"
          ],
          "key_length": "303",
          "ref": [
            "atguigudb1.s2.key1"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 8905,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "using_index": true,
          "cost_info": {
    
    
            "read_cost": "8905.50",
            "eval_cost": "1781.10",
            "prefix_cost": "12762.60",
            "data_read_per_join": "15M"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "key1"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
} |

1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

          "cost_info": {
    
    
            "read_cost": "294.90",
            "eval_cost": "1781.10",
            "prefix_cost": "2076.00",
            "data_read_per_join": "15M"
          },

read_cost se compone de las dos partes siguientes:

  • costo de IO
  • Costo de CPU para detectar filas × (1 - filtro) registros

Consejos: las filas y el filtro son las columnas de salida del plan de ejecución que presentamos anteriormente. En el plan de ejecución en formato JSON, las filas equivalen a filas_examinadas_por_scan y el nombre filtrado permanece sin cambios.

  • eval_cost se calcula así:

Costo de detectar filas × filtrar registros.

  • prefix_cost es el costo de consultar solo la tabla s1, es decir: read_cost + eval_cost

  • data_read_per_join indica la cantidad de datos que deben leerse en esta consulta.

La parte "cost_info" de la tabla s2 se ve así:

          "cost_info": {
    
    
            "read_cost": "8905.50",
            "eval_cost": "1781.10",
            "prefix_cost": "12762.60",
            "data_read_per_join": "15M"
          },

Dado que la tabla s2 es una tabla controlada, se puede leer varias veces. La suma aquí read_costes eval_cost el valor acumulado después de acceder a la tabla s2 varias veces. A todos les preocupa principalmente prefix_cost que el valor interno represente el costo estimado de toda la consulta de conexión, y Es la suma de los costos después de una única consulta de la tabla s1 y múltiples consultas de la tabla s2, es decir:

8905.50+1781.1+2076=12762.6

8. Esquema view-sys del análisis de monitoreo de MySQL

  1. Relacionado con el host: comenzando con host_summary, resume principalmente la información de retraso de IO.
  2. Relacionado con Innodb: comenzando con innodb, resume la información del búfer de innodb y la información sobre las transacciones que esperan bloqueos de innodb.
  3. Relacionado con E/S: comenzando con io, resume la espera de E/S y el uso de E/S.
  4. Uso de la memoria: comenzando con la memoria, mostrando el uso de la memoria desde la perspectiva del host, hilo, evento, etc.
  5. Información de conexión y sesión: la lista de procesos y las vistas relacionadas con la sesión resumen la información relacionada con la sesión.
  6. Relacionado con la tabla: las vistas que comienzan con esquema_table muestran información estadística de la tabla.
  7. Información del índice: estadísticas del uso del índice, incluidos índices redundantes e índices no utilizados.
  8. Relacionado con la declaración: comenzando con la declaración, contiene información de la declaración para realizar un escaneo completo de la tabla, usar tablas temporales, ordenar, etc.
  9. Relacionado con el usuario: la vista que comienza con el usuario cuenta las estadísticas de E/S del archivo y de la declaración de ejecución utilizadas por el usuario.
  10. Información relacionada con eventos en espera: comenzando con la espera, mostrando el retraso de los eventos en espera.

8.1 Escenarios de uso de la vista de esquema Sys

Estado del índice

#1. 查询冗余索引
select * from sys.schema_redundant_indexes;
#2. 查询未使用过的索引
select * from sys.schema_unused_indexes;
#3. 查询索引的使用情况
select index_name,rows_selected,rows_inserted,rows_updated,rows_deleted
from sys.schema_index_statistics where table_schema='dbname' ;

tabla relacionada

# 1. 查询表的访问量
select table_schema,table_name,sum(io_read_requests+io_write_requests) as io from
sys.schema_table_statistics group by table_schema,table_name order by io desc;
# 2. 查询占用bufferpool较多的表
select object_schema,object_name,allocated,data
from sys.innodb_buffer_stats_by_table order by allocated limit 10;
# 3. 查看表的全表扫描情况
select * from sys.statements_with_full_table_scans where db='dbname';

Declaración relacionada

#1. 监控SQL执行的频率
select db,exec_count,query from sys.statement_analysis
order by exec_count desc;
#2. 监控使用了排序的SQL
select db,exec_count,first_seen,last_seen,query
from sys.statements_with_sorting limit 1;
#3. 监控使用了临时表或者磁盘临时表的SQL
select db,exec_count,tmp_tables,tmp_disk_tables,query
from sys.statement_analysis where tmp_tables>0 or tmp_disk_tables >0
order by (tmp_tables+tmp_disk_tables) desc;

relacionado con IO

#1. 查看消耗磁盘IO的文件
select file,avg_read,avg_write,avg_read+avg_write as avg_io
from sys.io_global_by_file_by_bytes order by avg_read limit 10;

relacionado con innodb

#1. 行锁阻塞情况
select * from sys.innodb_lock_waits;

Supongo que te gusta

Origin blog.csdn.net/qq_51495235/article/details/133013890
Recomendado
Clasificación
Diario
Más
2024-05-13(7)
2024-05-12(22)
2024-05-11(31)
2024-05-10(32)
2024-05-09(31)
2024-05-08(18)
2024-05-07(35)
2024-05-06(4)
2024-05-05(0)
2024-05-04(17)

Code World

© 2018 codetd.com