Linux Operating System Common:
1.ctrl + Alt + 'T' open terminal
2.ctrl + shift + '+' to enlarge the font
3.ctrl + '-' reduced font
4.ctrl + alt + Enter full screen mode
5. Click Virtual View window mode machine
clicks immediately adapt to the client
Linux system basic commands:
the command [-options] arg1 arg2 arg3 ...
1. terminal command line:
linux @ Ubuntu: ~ $
username linux currently logged on
user classification into two categories :
1. ordinary users:
You can have multiple, can also be a no name no limit
2. superuser:
there is only one name for root
super-user can achieve anything
ordinary users can only complete the operation within the purview of
ubuntu: operating system name
~: current directory of the
home directory: each user has a home directory, user home directory in any operation
Will not be restricted
Linux
zhangsan
lisi
Wanger
2. Basic commands:
1.ls
view the current directory of all the files in the
blue file directory
white ordinary file
green file has execute permission
red zip file
2.ls -a
view all files in the current directory ( including hidden files)
hidden files: files beginning.
3.ls -l
details view files
file type:
B: block device file storage block
file information by the block scan
c: character character device file
in bytes scanning device file information
d: directory file
storage file
-: normal file
stores information
l: Link file link
links to files in a file
s: socket file
used for interprocess communication
p: pipe file pipe
is used for interprocess communication
r: have read permission
w: has write permission
x: execute permission has
no authority ready to use - instead of
the first group rwx:
user who created the file on a file has permission to read and write the implementation of
the second group rwx:
user who created the file on the user's files are in the same group has read and write execute permission
third group rwx:
the rest of the file has permission to read and write performed
a hard number of links
User-created files
to create a file where the user sets
the file size
file last time a status change of
the file name
4. Create a file
touch file name
Linux system file names are case sensitive
Linux file system name space characters are not allowed
5. Delete file
rm filename
6. Create a folder
mkdir folder name
7. Delete the empty folder
rmdir folder name
8. Delete non-empty directory
rm -rf folder name
9. Go to the directory
of the current directory.
.. parent directory
cd directory name
cd .. parent directory enter
cd into the current directory.
Cd ~ currently logged into the user's home directory
cd currently logged into the user's home directory
cd - return to the previous directory
10. See the absolute path of the current directory
pwd
11. the copy files
cp cp source destination path dir1 / dir2 a.doc shows a file in a.doc copy dir1 to dir2 the
cp source folder object path -rf
12. the mobile files
mv source destination path
mv source folder destination path
to modify the file name:
mv old file name new file name
3.Linux system directory structure: cd / into the
tree structure:
Many
/ root directory: top-level directory
at the root of the file system are
bin binary executable file storage directory binary
etc to store configuration files
mnt mount the file is stored
proc process-related documents stored
boot store boot code
dev storage device files Device
lib store library Libary
var store log files
home storage directory ordinary user's home directory
root super-user's home directory
Linux -> / home / Linux
zhangsan -> / home / zhangsan
lisi -> / home / lisi
root -> / root
absolute path and relative path:
/ home / linux absolute path
home / linux relative path
relative path:
Current different location, different users log in, the same path will have a different meaning
absolute path:
Current different location, different users log in, the same path will not produce a different meaning
relative path:
File
./file
../file
~ / File
zhangsan / Home / zhangsan / file
lisi / Home / lisi / file
root / root / file
absolute path:
/ Home / Linux / Desktop
/ Home / Linux / Desktop / Desktop
exercise:
use the Linux command implementation creates three folders on the desktop test1 test2 test3
and were created at file1.txt test1
created at test2 file2.txt
created at file3.txt Test3
~ / Desktop
1. Go to the desktop folder
CD ~ / Desktop
2. Create three folders
mkdir test2 test1 Test3
3. files are created in the folder corresponding to
touch test1 / file1.txt test2 / file2.txt test3 / file3.txt
5. The document editing:
Vim editor
three modes:
1. The line mode (default entry mode)
2. Insert mode (writing of information)
3. The command mode (save and exit)
line mode -> insert mode
clicking a button i key or the o key
insert mode -> line mode
click ESC to
line mode -> command mode
hits:
command mode -> line mode
click ESC key
: W save
and: q
: wq save and exit
!: W force save
: ! q forced to quit
: wq forced to save and exit!
1.vim filename
is vim open filename file
2. Click i Menu, a key, or to enter the insert mode o
3. Write data
4. Click ESC to return in the end line mode
5. Click: wq save and exit
6. Switch Chinese input method:
1. click the set button in the upper right corner
2. click on "the setting the System"
3. click on "Language Support"
4. Keyboard input method system to the ibus
5. the click Close
6. the restart the virtual machine
7. implementations space ctrl + English switch
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Linux systems in C language development steps:
vim editor
gcc compiler
terminal
the Hello world
1.vim filename.c
2. click the i button
3. programming
#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
{
the printf ( "Hello World");
return 0;
}
4. Click the ESC key
5. Click: WQ
6. The GCC compiler, filename.c //
7. ./a.out // run
GNU organization
vim gcc the make ..
Linux
LAMP
Linux operating system kernel,
the Apache Web server
MySql
Python
C-32 keyword
printf
