The first principle: four errors
A syllogism, there are only three different concepts. If there are four, they must be wrong
such as:
"People already exist for millions of years, and you do not exist for millions of years, so you're not human." It looks only three concepts, "people, millions of years, you." But two different before and after the "people" concept, a former refers to the "human", while the latter refers to the "human." So a total of four concept of "you, millions of years, people, human."
The second principle: two entries in undistributed
The term : to link the major and minor premise.
For example: "Man is mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates will die." "Man" is the term
Circumspect : refers to all
For example: "All Chinese people" is the Circumference, "part of the Chinese people" is not
"Chinese people are very rich part, Beijing is part of the Chinese people, so Beijing people a lot of money." "Part of China" and is linked premise and the minor premise, but undistributed. So the logic is wrong.
The third principle: the expansion of big items and small items to expand
The expansion of major items : "The players need to exercise, I'm not an athlete, so I do not need to exercise."
Premise: "The players are part of the human body needs exercise," concluded that "I do not, among all people need exercise." Is part of the premise, the conclusion is all. Is the big item expand.
Xiao Xiang expand : "sweet potato are high-yielding crops, sweet potatoes are grains, cereals are so high-yielding crops."
Minor premise: a sweet potato grains. The conclusion is: So are high-yielding grains. Is a minor premise, the conclusion is so. Small item is expanded.
The fourth principle: the premise of both is no, the conclusion does not necessarily
such as:
"South Korea is not a continental countries, Korea is not a tropical country, so ..." premise and the minor premise is negative, it was not inevitable conclusion
The fifth principle: whether there is a premise, the conclusion is no more than
such as:
"Non-vegetation, philosophers who philosopher of non-vegetation."