Approximately file system boot process
When the operating system does not start, the file tree is not active. bios startup to find the kernel files on the disk, boot the kernel file into memory, the kernel starts after beginning to find the file tree, and activate the file tree will load the root and root under some of the necessary path to memory, the root file system kernel on the shape, and then start all kinds of applications, and finally start a login shell.
FHS
A file system hierarchy standard of linux are followed
/bin
All basic commands available to the user program files
/sbin
For utility management system used
/boot
Start the boot process and the boot process necessary for static files. The boot loader loads the file must be used, such as: kernel, initramfs (initrd), grub like
/dev
File storage device special file or all hardware devices
attached: two types of devices: character devices (linear devices) such as a keyboard, a block device (random devices) such as a disk
/etc
Host configuration file, only static, etc it is also a separate hierarchy / opt / X11 / sgml / xml
/home
Noncritical directory, is a standard directory, centralized location average user's home directory is a hierarchical structure under which there is a subdirectory with the same name as the user name
/root
Administrator's home directory, optional
/lib
Basis of shared libraries and kernel modules, system or application starts on the root file system (mainly / files under bin and / sbin) to provide a dependent libraries and kernel kernel modules
libc.so. : c dynamically linked library
LD : the runtime linker / loader
modules: a directory for storing kernel modules
/lib64
64-bit system-specific storage path 64 shared library
/media
Provides for the portability of the apparatus mount position (pluggable) has cdrom, floppy such documents
/ mnt
Other temporary mount point of the file system
/opt
Installation position of the additional program implemented to third (optional path)
/srv
Data current host for the services provided, particularity, does not have universal
/tmp
Temporary file is a directory to store temporary files that the program will generate temporary files provided, available to all users with write operations, with special permission
/usr
Global shared read-only data centers that have a child under the bin and sbin in the file hierarchy bin include lib local sbin share usr share include C header file additional procedures will be used during the use of: architecture-specific data. For example, the command man page command comes with documentation
X11R6: the installation location x-window program
src: storing program data source file
local: another level directory, to install the real position of third-party applications or allow system administrators to install local program which is also a hierarchy
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
/where
A data storage hierarchy of frequent changes, such as log files and other
cache db empty games lib local lock log mail nis opt preserve run spool tmp yp
/proc
Virtual memory file system kernel and process-based, temporary (gone off) in order to ensure all files are created, run-time information about its storage, they are mostly kernel parameters
such as net.ipv4.ip_forword, as virtual net / ipv4 / ip_forword so its full path / proc / sys / net / ipv4 / ip_forword, the form of storage core system, abstract file system is stored in the form of
/sys
/ sys directory is the mount point of sysfs, sysfs virtual file system provides a way to access the kernel data proc is more than ideal, in addition to the proc has the same view and set the parameters of functions, as well as unified linux as the device model management purposes, compared to using sysfs export proc kernel data more unified way, and better organize the way it has for the Linux unified device model as a management purposes.
See: https: //www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-sysfs/
