/ bin stores binary executable programs
/ sbin stores binary programs executable by the root user
/ boot Store boot files
[centos8 the root @ ~] # LL / Boot -rwxr-XR-X. . 1 the root the root 8,106,744 On Dec . 5 05 : 58 vmlinuz- 4.18 . 0 - 147 core part .el8.x86_64 // kernel, the operating system
/ dev stores the hard disk device
[root @ centos8 ~] # ll / dev crw -r--r--. 1 root root 10 , 235 Apr 18 17 : 27 autofs // The first c represents the character device brw-rw ----. 1 root disk 8 , 0 Apr 18 17 : 27 sda // The first d stands for block device
/ etc configuration file directory
/ home stores the user's home directory
[root@centos8 ~]# ls /home
miao
/ mnt Temporary file mount point
/ media Mount point for portable mobile devices
/ opt third-party application installation location
/ proc virtual folder stores files related to memory
/ sys System and memory information, mainly hardware information
/ run stores temporarily generated files
/ tem Temporary file storage location
/ usr stores operating system related files, such as help files
/ var stores changed content (such as web content, logs)
[root@centos8 ~]# ls /usr
bin games include lib lib64 libexec local sbin share src tmp
Linux file system layered structure
Reference document: http://www.pathname.com/fhs/
[root@centos8 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 10G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 5G 0 part /data ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 7G 0 rom /run/media/miao/CentOS-8-1-1911-x86_64-dvd [root@centos8 ~]# ls /bin /sbin /lib /lib64 -ld lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 /bin -> usr/bin lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 /lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 May 11 2019 /lib64 -> usr/lib64 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 11 2019 /sbin -> usr/sbin
Components of the application
Binary programs: / bin, / sbin, / usr / bin, / usr / local / bin, / usr / local / sbin
Library files: / lib, / lib64, / usr / lib64, / usr / local / lib, / usr / local / lib64
Configuration files: / etc, / etc / DIRECTORY, / usr / local / etc
Help files: / usr / share / man, / usr / share / doc
The character color definition is stored in the following file
[root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/DIR_COLORS
File types under linux
- regular file
d directory file
b block device
c character device
l symbolic link file
p pipe file pipe
S socket file socket
2 File operation commands
2.1 Display the current working directory
Each shell has a current working directory CWD: current work directory
Display the absolute path of the current shell CWD
pwd命令：printing working directory
-p shows the actual physical path
-L shows the connection path (default)
[root@centos8 bin]# pwd -L /bin [root@centos8 bin]# pwd -P /usr/bin
2.2 Absolute and relative paths
Absolute path: starting from the root directory (/)
relative path
2.3 Change directory
Command cd: change directory
Option-P: switch to a physical path, not a linked directory
Absolute or relative paths can be used
Switch to the upper directory: cd ..
Switch to the current user's home directory: cd
Change to the last directory: cd-
Base name
[root@centos8 ~]# basename /etc/sysconfig/network network
Directory name
[root@centos8 ~]# dirname /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig
2.4 List directory contents
[root@centos8 ~]# alias ll lias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
2.5 View file status stat
[root@centos8 ~]# stat /etc/passwd File: /etc/passwd Size: 2424 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 802h/2050d Inode: 16810466 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Context: system_u:object_r:passwd_file_t:s0 Access: 2020-04-18 17:28:19.987948935+ 0800 // read the contents of the file the Modify: 2020 - 04 - 18 is . 17 : 28 : 19.966948935 + 0800 to change the contents of the file // Change: 2020 - 04 - 18 is . 17 : 28 : 19.967948935 + 0800 @ original data change occurred
2.6 View file types
file-option file name
Drag and drop files in windows to centos connected by xshell
Installation tools
[root@centos8 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.4 kB/s | 4.3 kB 00:03 CentOS-8 - Base 2.2 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:01 CentOS-8 - Extras 812 B/s | 1.5 kB 00:01 Dependencies resolved. ============================================================================================================================= Package Architecture Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================= Installing: lrzsz x86_64 0.12.20-43.el8 BaseOS 84 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Total download size: 84 k Installed size: 190 k Downloading Packages: CentOS-8 - Base 0% [ ] 1.9 kB/s | 0 B 00:00 ETA lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64.rpm 154 kB/s | 84 kB 00:00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 51 kB/s | 84 kB 00:01 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64 1/1 Installed: lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64 Complete!
Then drag the file on windows directly to the xshell window, upload it and view the content
[root@centos8 ~]# cat win.txt a b c[root@centos8 ~]#
Drag and drop the txt file with Chinese refueling written in windows to xhell
[root @ centos8 ~] # cat win1.txt China Come on [root @ centos8 ~] #
Note that the ANSI encoding method of the windows system may be inconsistent with UTF-8 in Linux, which is likely to cause garbled characters. Pay attention to the encoding format when transferring files in different operating systems
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