Credit Risk Management Overview Fundamentals of SAP SD
I. Summary Introduction
In the SAP system, with separate functions of credit / risk management, through the FI and SD, the purpose is to minimize the risk of service delivery and the provision of credit. With credit management functions, we can define how to deal with customers and set up systems to reflect these processes in credit-related business transactions based on credit.
Automatic credit control and derivative lock (resulting blocks) is part of the sales and shipping, credit representative can use these features quickly and efficiently handle emergency transactions. Credit management includes the following features:
· According to credit management needs, it may require a credit check criterion based automation diversity. We may also provide those critical points in the sales and distribution cycle should perform these checks.
· Key credit conditions, can automatically notify the relevant credit management personnel through internal e-mail.
· Credit representative shall be in such a position, he can quickly and accurately examine customers' credit standing, and decide whether to extend credit based on credit policy.
Here the definition of credit on behalf of,
Second, the different forms of payment guarantee Different Forms of Payment Guarantee
SAP system provides us with a variety of payment options to guarantee receivables, all of these different forms of payment guarantees are included in risk management. We can distinguish between different forms of payment guarantee in accordance with the level of security provided.
In credit management, we can be grouped according to risk category our customers and for each risk category to set a maximum credit limit; how do we set up these distribution depends on the level we want to give credit customers.
We can also use the following forms of payment guarantees to reduce the risk of receivables included:
· Financial documents Financial document (confirmation and not confirmed letter of credit);
· Export Credit Insurance Export credit insurance (connect to external systems);
· Payment Card Payment cards
See Related follows path,
Payment Guarantee policy assigned to sales order type,
Third, the total commitments Total Credit Management Commitments in Credit Management
未清订单价值Open order value：未清订单价值是所有未交货的订单条目的价值，未清订单的价值是基于已确认数量的（已确认数量乘以信用价格=订单的未清订单价值）。因信用检查已经被锁住的订单不包含在已确认的数量里；只要锁还在，未清订单价值就不会增加。
未清交货价值：未清交货价值是所有尚未出具发票的交货条目的价值。
未清出具发票价值：未清出具发票价值是所有尚未传输到会计的出具发票条目的价值。
来自销售的应收款包含在总承付款中，只要它们没有标记为争议条目。来自特殊总账事务的应收款，如果它们与信用限额相关（例如，付款），则会从特殊承付款转移到总承付款。
四，处理带信用管理的业务交易Processing Transactions With Credit Management
要使用信用管理功能，我们必须首先维护FI的信用管理部分相关的主数据（例如，风险类别和信用限额）。
我们可以配置以使不同的检查在SD流程的不同点执行。这可用于锁住一张销售订单，如果信用限额被超出的话。信用代表收到一个锁住凭证的清单，这些凭证可以被检查然后可以被释放或者拒绝。一张被锁的凭证被释放后，SD中的后续功能可以再继续。
Credit group的配置，
可以在销售订单，交货单，以及发货过账三个环节定义credit group,实现credit management的切入控制，
Delivery type上的credit limit check,
销售订单类型上的credit limit check,
依赖于业务交易的阶段，系统会识别对客户总承付款有影响的值的修改。
信用管理和风险管理的集成Integration of Credit Management with Risk Management
当使用信用管理，我们输入一个我们准备授予客户的信用上限；然而，我们仍然没有实体性的担保应收款会被支付。
SAP系统提供给我们除了信用管理之外更加安全的付款保证形式，这些包括在了风险管理的类别中。如果，例如，我们接受客户使用信用卡支付，然后由信用卡后续授权的金额公司保证我们会收到付款。因为该流程使用一种安全的付款担保形式，他不会导致信用管理中定义的承付款总额增加。
现在信用管理可用作风险管理中的第二阶段，低于安全的付款担保形式。如果我们也授予了该客户一个信用限额并且我们收到一张不通过信用卡支付的订单，则该订单增加信用管理中的承付款总额，在这种情况下没有担保付款会被执行。
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2020-2-13 整理于苏州市。
