Requirements analysis, also known as software requirements analysis, system analysis needs analysis or requirements engineering, is a developer of an intensive research and analysis, an accurate understanding of the specific requirements of the user and project features, performance, reliability, etc., in the form of non-users demand expressed into a complete requirements definition, to determine the necessary functions of the system process. From the perspective of the needs analysis to see what the next book is is a very interesting thing.
How uncertain demand for innovative product design and analysis
Needs analysis is an important activity of software planning phase of the software life cycle is an important part, especially the demand for innovative products analysis, this phase needs to be expressed in the form of a non-user needs into a complete requirements definition. But many times we can not get the exact user needs. The reason for this situation, there may be several reasons: When we determine the needs of the customer and the customer is not sure what the real needs, or the needs of the customer know exactly functions but there are differences in understanding description, leading to demand uncertainty ; also there is a case that clearly describes the customer demand, but because the project was innovative products in the market and past experience can not obtain a valid reference. Uncertain demand for this innovative product, we will analyze how to design and project it?
Prototyping development is a common method of software development. Developers of the issues raised by users summarize, the main demand on the system of consensus, developed a prototype up and running, and then repeatedly modify the prototype, so that gradually improve until the user of the system is fully satisfied. This method is suitable for the development of user requirements is unclear software development, management and business is unstable, constantly changing needs, small-scale, less complex cases. Its biggest advantage is the ability to quickly implement a preliminary model of the system, and method stepwise refinement of the prototype gradually improve, which is a new level in the process of advancing constantly repeated in order to obtain more exactly the needs of users. The relationship between the prototype and the final product, the following categories:
- Disposable (throw away): system requirements verification and clarification of description, reconstruct the system. A fundamental role in this process is to understand the needs of prototype and provide additional information for risk assessment. After assessed prototypes were abandoned, re-development system. Requires the development of rapid development, its main work is the evaluation of the prototype.
- Evolutionary (evolutionay): gradually improve and refine the prototype, the prototype will evolve into the final system. Evolutionary approach is highly iterative and dynamic, the basic idea is: first gave initial implementation of a system, allowing users to use and evaluate, and continuously refine and improve, after repeatedly form the final complete application system
- Incremental (incremental): In the overall design based on established software does, incremental development methodology, the prototype into the final system. With respect to the evolution of the exchange approach, the design of frequently changing issues, it is the basis of incremental development software architecture designed on completion of the module design, incremental development. Comparison small, incremental method can provide a modified range, easy to control and manage.
The future is what kind of books?
Book humans acquire knowledge and experience of heritage important medium. Ancient to support both this book has undergone tremendous changes, bones from stone, and then to bamboo as a carrier, followed by the era that carrier, is now the last paper books and e-book era of coexistence. In order to analyze the development trend of the book carriers, we first analyze books for which the carrier should have requested.
First, the role of the book is to record the experience, knowledge, and therefore, the carrier should be convenient record books these empirical knowledge, in the development of the book, the record is obviously far less modern printing paper in the bones and stone; Second, the book of the carrier should be able to efficiently store of knowledge, which is both ancient and modern books books have clearly made sure of that; in addition, the book should be easy to carry propagation, the ancient bones bamboo relatively bulky, inconvenient to carry, Today the paper book light and easy to carry, not to mention the degree of preparation of the e-book; Another point to be able to more effectively disseminate books, books of carrier should have a relatively acceptable price, rather than the kind of expensive ancient silk , ordinary people can not afford.
So in the future, the book look like it?
如今应是电子屏的时代，在很多科幻电影电视剧中也对未来有过各种畅想，例如在英剧《黑镜》某一集中描述的未来所有的墙壁都由电子屏组成，由AR技术让每个人可以根据自己的想法改变屏幕所显示的内容，并带给用户身临其境的体验。试想，在这种高科技的时代，图书的内容可以以各种形式传递到用户，例如声音，或者类似现在的电子书，甚至如果仍然有人更偏爱读纸质书的感觉，可以利用技术让虚拟的图书看起来就像是现实世界的纸质书一样。再发散一下，如果技术层次达到的话，是不是可以甚至不需要经过人类的五感，即不需要听到或者看见，就可以实现图书在精神层面的传输呢？
畅想之后，我们来具体分析一下图书未来可能会有的样子。下面将从两个角度进行分析：
- 读者角度
- 未来注定是个信息量爆炸的时代，所以未来的图书在内容上应有更明确的核心，结构上应让读者能够迅速适应并抓去有用信息
- 未来的图书应不只是文字，还应该有更加生动的表达
- 未来的图书应不仅仅是书对于读者单方向的传播，还可以有读者向图书的各种互动反馈
- 未来的图书应能适应不同的场合，使携带传播变得更加方便
- 未来的图书应能够适应不同的群体
- 针对未来的图书应适配一个更人性化的总图书馆系统以及个人图书馆，方便用户检索以及管理自己的图书和笔记
- 作者角度
- 未来的图书应缩小读者与作者之间的距离，增加阅读情况的反馈
- 未来的图书应有一套完整的图书版权方案，保护作者的权益
- 未来的图书应使出版的过程更加精简，加快图书出版的效率