Wu Yuxiong - born natural data structure: Ten classic sorting algorithms - Counting Sort

Counting Sort
Core sorted count value that the input data is converted to the key stored in an array of additional space open. A linear sort time complexity, the data input count ordering requirements must be integers determined range.

A counting feature ordering
When the elements of the input of n is an integer between 0 to k, it is the running time [Theta] (n + k). Not counting sequencing comparison, the sort faster than any sorting algorithm comparison.

Since the length of the array for counting the range of C to be sorted depending on data in the array (the array to be sorted is equal to the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value plus 1), which makes for a very large array counting sequencing data range, a large amount time and memory. For example: counting sequencing algorithm is used to sort the best numbers between 0 and 100, but it is not suitable names sorted alphabetically. However, counting sequencing can be used in radix sort algorithm to sort a large array of data ranges.

Popular understanding, for example, have different ages of 10 people, the statistics of eight people age than A small, that age on A ranked No. 9, this way you can get everyone else's position, also lined up the order. Of course, we need special treatment when age is repeated (to ensure stability), which is why the last to reverse fill the target array, and each number 1 Statistics minus reason.

 Steps of the algorithm are as follows:

( 1 ) identify the array to be sorted in the largest and smallest element
( 2 ) count the number of times each array element value appearing i, i-th item stored in the array C
( 3 ) all accumulated count (starting from the first element C, each in a front and a sum)
( 4) Reverse filled destination array: i on each element of the new array C (i) of each element will be put C (i) subtracting 1

Code
JavaScript
function countingSort(arr, maxValue) {
    var bucket = new Array(maxValue+1),
        sortedIndex = 0;
        arrLen = arr.length,
        bucketLen = maxValue + 1;

    for (var i = 0; i < arrLen; i++) {
        if (!bucket[arr[i]]) {
            bucket[arr[i]] = 0;
        }
        bucket[arr[i]]++;
    }

    for (var j = 0; j < bucketLen; j++) {
        while(bucket[j] > 0) {
            arr[sortedIndex++] = j;
            bucket[j]--;
        }
    }

    return arr;
}

Python
def countingSort(arr, maxValue):
    bucketLen = maxValue+1
    bucket = [0]*bucketLen
    sortedIndex =0
    arrLen = len(arr)
    for i in range(arrLen):
        if not bucket[arr[i]]:
            bucket[arr[i]]=0
        bucket[arr[i]]+=1
    for j in range(bucketLen):
        while bucket[j]>0:
            arr[sortedIndex] = j
            sortedIndex+=1
            bucket[j]-=1
    return arr

Go
func countingSort(arr []int, maxValue int) []int {
        bucketLen: = +. 1 maxValue 
        bucket: = the make ([] int, bucketLen) // initial array 0

        sortedIndex := 0
        length := len(arr)

        for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
                bucket[arr[i]] += 1
        }

        for j := 0; j < bucketLen; j++ {
                for bucket[j] > 0 {
                        arr[sortedIndex] = j
                        sortedIndex += 1
                        bucket[j] -= 1
                }
        }

        return arr
}

Java
public class CountingSort implements IArraySort {

    @Override
    public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
        // to arr copy, does not change the parameter content
        int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);

        int maxValue = getMaxValue(arr);

        return countingSort(arr, maxValue);
    }

    private int[] countingSort(int[] arr, int maxValue) {
        int bucketLen = maxValue + 1;
        int[] bucket = new int[bucketLen];

        for (int value : arr) {
            bucket[value]++;
        }

        int sortedIndex = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < bucketLen; j++) {
            while (bucket[j] > 0) {
                arr[sortedIndex++] = j;
                bucket[j]--;
            }
        }
        return arr;
    }

    private int getMaxValue(int[] arr) {
        int maxValue = arr[0];
        for (int value : arr) {
            if (maxValue < value) {
                maxValue = value;
            }
        }
        return maxValue;
    }

}

PHP
function countingSort($arr, $maxValue = null)
{
    if ($maxValue === null) {
        $maxValue = max($arr);
    }
    for ($m = 0; $m < $maxValue + 1; $m++) {
        $bucket[] = null;
    }

    $arrLen = count($arr);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $arrLen; $i++) {
        if (!array_key_exists($arr[$i], $bucket)) {
            $bucket[$arr[$i]] = 0;
        }
        $bucket[$arr[$i]]++;
    }

    $sortedIndex = 0;
    foreach ($bucket as $key => $len) {
        if ($len !== null) $arr[$sortedIndex++] = $key;
    }

    return $arr;
}

C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

void print_arr(int *arr, int n) {
        int i;
        printf("%d", arr[0]);
        for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
                printf(" %d", arr[i]);
        printf("\n");
}

void counting_sort(int *ini_arr, int *sorted_arr, int n) {
        int *count_arr = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * 100);
        int i, j, k;
        for (k = 0; k < 100; k++)
                count_arr[k] = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
                count_arr[ini_arr[i]]++;
        for (k = 1; k < 100; k++)
                count_arr[k] += count_arr[k - 1];
        for (j = n; j > 0; j--)
                sorted_arr[--count_arr[ini_arr[j - 1]]] = ini_arr[j - 1];
        free(count_arr);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
        int n = 10;
        int i;
        int *arr = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
        int *sorted_arr = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
        srand(time(0));
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
                arr[i] = rand() % 100;
        printf("ini_array: ");
        print_arr(arr, n);
        counting_sort(arr, sorted_arr, n);
        printf("sorted_array: ");
        print_arr(sorted_arr, n);
        free(arr);
        free(sorted_arr);
        return 0;
}