Ubuntu18.04 initialization

Others 2019-11-23 20:30:33 views: null

Ubuntu18.04 initialization

  1. Update Source:
    • sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
    • sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
        deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    • sudo apt-get update
    • sudo apt-get upgrade
  2. Add Chinese input methods: (Ubuntu18.04 version using fctix + sougoupinyin choice of words garbled)
    • Setting->Region & Language->Manage Installed Languages
    • Select Install
    • shutdown -r now
    • In Input Sourcethe AddChinese(Pinyin)
  3. Install Chrome:
    • sudo wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/repo/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
    • wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
    • If the above command fails to delete the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.listdeb [arch=amd64] https://repo.fdzh.org/chrome/deb/ stable main
    • sudo apt update
    • sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
    • Install Chrome plugin (Developer Mode)链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z0Ugy9XEaLf3F74lNC5LzQ 提取码: f3fc
    • Google users log in Chrome. . .
  4. Installation configuration git and vim:
    • sudo apt-get install git vim
    • Configuration git:
      • git config --global user.name "xxx"
      • git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
      • ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"
      • cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
      • The resulting ssh-key can be configured into the github.
    • Configuring Vim:
      • mkdir -p ~/.vim/bundle
      • git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
      • cd ~/.vim
      • mkdir colors
      • git clone https://github.com/tomasr/molokai.git
      • cp -a molokai/colors/* colors/
      • cd ~ & gedit .vimrc
      • .vimrcConfiguration is as follows:
      set number
"set nonumber
"设置行间距
set linespace=15
"配色
colorscheme molokai
"不与vi兼容，采用vim自己的操作命令
set nocompatible
"语法高亮
syntax on
"在底部显示模式
set showmode
"命令模式下，在底部显示当前输入的指令
set showcmd
"支持使用鼠标
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
"设置粘贴模式
"set paste
"共享剪贴板
set clipboard=unnamed
"使用 utf-8编码 缓存文本
set encoding=utf-8
"文件编码
set fileencodings=utf-8,ucs-bom,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"输出终端编码
set termencoding=utf-8
"按下回车键之后，下一行的缩进会自动跟上一行的缩进保持一致
set autoindent
"按下Tab键之后，Vim显示的空格数
set tabstop=4
"Tab键自动转为空格
set expandtab
"Tab转为多少个空格
set softtabstop=4
"显示光标所在的当前行的行号，其他行都为相对于改行的相对行号
"set relativenumber
"光标所在的当前行高亮
set cursorline
"设置行宽
"set textwidth=80
"自动折行
"set wrap
"set nowrap
"只有遇到指定的符号，才发生折行，不会在单次内部折行
"set linebreak
"指定折行处与编辑窗口右边缘之间空出的字符数
"set wrapmargin=2
"垂直滚动时，光标距离顶部或底部的位置
"set scrolloff=5
"水平滚动时，光标距离行首或行尾的距离
"set sidescrolloff=15
"是否显示状态栏
set laststatus=2
"在状态栏显示光标的当前位置
set ruler
"光标遇到圆括号，方括号，自动高亮对应另一半
set showmatch
"搜索时，高亮匹配结果
set hlsearch
"输入搜索模式，每输入一个字符，就自动跳到第一个匹配的结果
set incsearch
"搜索是忽略大小写
"set ignorecase
"英语拼写检查
"set spell spelllang=en_us
"自动切换工作目录到正在编辑的文件
set autochdir
"vim需要记住多少次历史操作
set history=1000
"打开文件监视，防止文件在外部被更改
set autoread
" 命令模式下，底部操作指令按下Tab键自动补全
set wildmenu
set wildmode=longest:list,full
"配置插件管理器Vundle
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim "runtimepath运行路径
call vundle#begin()
"在这里安装插件
Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'
"安装NERDTree
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
"支持markdown
Plugin 'godlygeek/tabular'
Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown'
Plugin 'suan/vim-instant-markdown'
call vundle#end()
" 确保文件类型检测打开
filetype plugin on
"配置markdown
" 关闭实时预览
let g:instant_markdown_slow = 0
" 关闭打开文件自动预览
let g:instant_markdown_autostart = 1
" 开放给网络上的其他人
let g:instant_markdown_open_to_the_world = 1
" 允许脚本允许
let g:instant_markdown_allow_unsafe_content = 1
" 阻止外部资源加载
let g:instant_markdown_allow_external_content = 0
" 配置NERDTree
map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTree") && b:NERDTree.isTabTree()) | q | endif
"窗口图标
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable = '▸'
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = '▾'
""窗口位置
let g:NERDTreeWinPos='left'
""窗口尺寸
let g:NERDTreeSize=30   
""窗口是否显示行号
let g:NERDTreeShowLineNumbers=1
""不显示隐藏文件
let g:NERDTreeHidden=0
      • Into vim, execute the command::PluginInstall
  5. Installation nodejs:
    • sudo apt-get install nodejs
    • sudo apt-get install npm
    • sudo npm -g install n // nodejs version management tool
  6. vim configuration markdown:
    • Pre-Step: 4 & 5
    • sudo npm -g install instant-markdown-d
    • sudo apt install ruby-pygments.rb
    • sudo apt install ruby-redcarpet
    • Currently found chrome did not respond
  7. Beautification grub:
    • Download theme grub: grub theme Address
    • Decompression:tar -xf Tela-1080p.tar.xz
    • Create a theme directory grub:sudo mkdir /boot/grub/themes
    • Copy files:sudo cp -a Tela-1080p/Tela /boot/grub/themes/
    • Configuration: sudo vim /etc/default/grubAddingGRUB_THEME="/boot/grub/themes/Tela/theme.txt"
    • to validate:sudo update-grub
  8. Set grub:
    • Backup grub.cfg:sudo cp /boot/grub/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg.bak
    • Open grub.cfg comments following configuration:
    #submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-71-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_msdos
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,msdos6'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#       fi
#       echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...'
#           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
#       echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
#       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic
#   }
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-71-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_msdos
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,msdos6'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#       fi
#       echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...'
#           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset 
#       echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
#       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic
#   }
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-20-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_msdos
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,msdos6'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#       fi
#       echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...'
#           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
#       echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
#       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic
#   }
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-20-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_msdos
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,msdos6'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#       fi
#       echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...'
#           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset 
#       echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
#       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic
#   }
#}

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
#menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
#   insmod part_msdos
#   insmod ext2
#   set root='hd0,msdos6'
#   if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#   else
#     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#   fi
#   knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf
}
#menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
#   insmod part_msdos
#   insmod ext2
#   set root='hd0,msdos6'
#   if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#   else
#     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#   fi
#   linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
#}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
    • Update the grub configuration:sudo update-grub
  9. Uninstall unwanted software:
    • firefox: sudo apt-get remove firefox firefox-locale-en firefox-locale-zh-hans
  10. Installation system indicators:
    • sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8

    • sudo apt-get update

    • sudo apt-get install syspeek
  11. beautify
    • Installation Tools:sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
    • Will close the left buttons to set:
    • Shell can not be modified to remove the exclamation mark:
      • sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensionsRestart gnome-tweaks-tool to view the results.
      • If not removed, it is necessary to install the Firefox or Chromean GNOME Shell Extension, are the following step of the installation of Chrome:
      • In Chrome open a connection https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gnome-shell-integration/gphhapmejobijbbhgpjhcjognlahblep add extensionsGNOME Shell integration
      • sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell
      • Open in Chrome https://extensions.gnome.org/ searchUser Themes
      • Enter User Themesand start.
      • Restart gnome-tweaks-toolcan be seen Extensionsin the User themesalready started and Shell exclamation mark has disappeared.
    • Up to now the tool configuration is completed, followed by landscaping themes and icons:
      • Download theme: McMojave ,Mojave-light.tar.xz
      • Download Icon: McMojave-Circle 01-McMojave-circle.tar.xz
      • tar -xf Mojave-light.tar.xz 01-McMojave-circle.tar.xz
      • sudo cp -a Mojave-light /usr/share/themes/
      • sudo cp -a McMojave-circle /usr/share/icons/
      • sudo cp -a McMojave-circle-dark /usr/share/icons/
      • It is set in the gnome-tweaks-tool, as shown:
      • Similarly you can configureMojave-dark-20191116000126.tar.xz
    • Configuration Dock:
      • Open in Chrome https://extensions.gnome.org/ , searchDash to Dock
      • To enter Dash to Dockand open
      • Reopen the gnome-tweaks-tool interface starts ExtensionsDash to dock
      • Click the Configure button configuration, as shown below:

    • Boot animation:
      • Download the boot animation theme: https://www.pling.com/p/1176419/
      • After downloading unzip unzip suadesplash.zipgetsuade/
      • sudo cp -a suade /usr/share/plymouth/themes/
      • Backup default configuration file:sudo cp /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth.bak
      • Modify the configuration file /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth:
      [Plymouth Theme]
Name=Ubuntu Logo
Description=A theme that features a blank background with a logo.
ModuleName=script

[script]
ImageDir=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade /*原为/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo*/
ScriptFile=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade/mdv.script /*原为/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.script*/
    • Setting the login screen:
      • Css file backup settings login screen:sudo cp /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css.bak
      • Change the background image:
       background: #2c001e url(file:///usr/share/backgrounds/El_Haouaria_by_Nusi_Nusi.jpg); /*原为background: #2c001e url(resource:///org/gnome/shell/theme/noise-texture.png);*/
    • Modify TopBar

      • First open the gnome-tweaks-tool to view the current Shell themes, as shown:

      • Gnome-shell.css modified in this topic, sudo gedit /usr/share/themes/Mojave-dark/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.cssas follows:
      #panel {
  background-color: rgba(34,139,34, 0.8);
  /* transition from solid to transparent */
  transition-duration: 250ms;
  font-weight: normal; //原为bold
  height: 23px;//原为28px
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
      • After saving changes, perform Alt + F2 to enter r to reload.

References: https://blog.csdn.net/lishanleilixin/article/details/80453565 & https://blog.csdn.net/White_Idiot/article/details/88931162

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