Linux directory structure and directory management

Linux directory structure and directory management

 

Linux directory structure:

       1, the rules created directory

              * FHS filesystem hierarchy standard *

              Specify the Linux operating system, that directory is a must have

              /boot   /bin  /sbin   /etc   /sys   /proc   /mnt   /media   /usr   /option  /var   /home  /root   /tmp  /dev

 

       2, the directory structure

              Tree structure

              / - rootfs root file system

                       After the system starts, the hard disk to be used need to have drivers, drivers for installation grub1.5 phase (when / -> ramdisk);

                       1.5 After completion of the disk drive installation stage, this time, can mount the real root file system;

                       The file system that we installed in the system, specify the root partition; this partition, called the root file system;

              With roots later, other directories are at the root;

              With this structure, we called tree structure;

 

       3, common directory

              / Boot - stores a boot program, and the file system (which may be a separate partition)

              / Etc - directory of the default configuration file

                     / Etc / opt: Configuration files for the software program installed in the / opt directory, with much now

                     / Etc / X11: in C under Linux graphical interface displays / S structure 11 is his version X is an agreement, which is the basic graphical display specification;

                     / Etc / sgml page label statement

                     / Etc / xml page label language

                            kvm  http  hadoop

                            <X> = Parameter Value </ x>

              / Bin / sbin - store command files

              / Sys / proc - process file system (pseudo file directory, virtual directory)

              / Mnt / media - / mnt mount disk, mount the long-term needs of the device file to mount this directory / media file on a temporary device to mount / media directory

              / Home / root - root user's home directory ordinary user's home directory

              Local (subject to the modified files) / var dynamic file storage - Logs

                     / Var / log / log store dedicated to

              / Tmp temporary files directory for all users to use

                     Files in this directory is not accessed for 30 days will be automatically deleted

              / Option used to store third-party software programs (rarely used now)

              / Lib / lib64 library directory

              / Dev device file directory

              / Usr / another independent kingdom in the Linux system

                     /usr/bin

                     /usr/sbin

                     / Usr / local Local hierarchy (directory is empty after installation) replaced / opt directory early third-party programs are installed in the directories below;

 

       4, management directory

              Question 4.1, with an absolute path relative path

              4.2 related commands, directory

                     mkdir -pv also create multi-level directory

                     You can only delete empty directories rmdir

                     rm -r // delete directory

 

                     tree -d only display only the catalog file

                     mv can modify the directory name

                     cp -R can copy the catalog file