Delay means and the other end or a packet transmitted from one end of the network packet to the time it takes, the delay by the node processing delay, queuing delay, transmission delay, propagation delay composition. Here, we have introductions:
Node processing delay:
a host or a router receives a packet takes a certain time for processing, such as header analysis, data extraction, error checking, route selection. General high-speed router processing delay is typically of magnitude of microseconds or less.
Queuing delay:
queuing delay is well understood, the router or switch that is processing a data packet queued consumed. A particular packet queuing delay depends on the early arrival, the number is queued packets of forward link transmission. If the queue is empty, and that no one else in the transmission packet, the packet queuing delay is 0; on the other hand, if a large flow rate, and many other packets are waiting for transmission, the queuing delay will be large . The actual queuing delay is typically in the millisecond to microsecond level.
Transmission delay:
transmission delay is also known as "transmission delay" is the time required for data transmission, i.e. submitting time required from the network link or router card queue. L represents the length of the packet with bits, represented by R bps link transmission from router A to router B rate, transmission delay is L / R. The actual transmission delay is typically in the millisecond to microsecond level.
Propagation delays:
the propagation delay is the time required for the propagation of data on the link. Propagation delay equal to the distance between two routers divided by the propagation velocity, i.e. propagation delay is D / S, where D is the distance between the two routers, S is the propagation rate of the link. The actual propagation delay in milliseconds.
For example analyze packets Y A total latency from router B to router:
When A receives the packet, the packet will first detected, then the decision on which a data packet oriented link, this process required the time is called the node processing delay. (Router processing delay of the merits of the play a decisive role)
The packet Y know which link the guide, to be subjected to the next Y queuing delay, queuing delay depends on the early arrival, the number is queued to the link transport packets. If the queue is empty, and no other packet is being transmitted, the queuing delay to zero.
When the packet arrives early, the transmission is completed, all the data will come down toward the Y link, the time required for this process is the transmission delay. Transmission delay depends on the length and the link transmission rate of the Y data packet.
When all the data is pushed to all the Y link, which is entered the propagation delay. Distance and the propagation velocity, the propagation velocity of propagation delay depends on the propagation medium depends on the physical link, such as fiber optic, twisted pair, is generally less than or equal to the speed of light in units of m / s. When subjected to propagation delay, the packet can reach the destination router B Y a.
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