A, TCP / IP protocol
1, TCP / IP communication protocol is the most complete, the most widely supported communication protocol that allows different network architectures, communication between different computer operating systems, is the Internet standard communication protocol
2, the communication between the host and the host three elements
IP address (IP address)
The subnet mask (subnet mask)
IP routing (IP router)
Two, IP address
1, the role: to identify the network address of a node
2, consists of: 32 to 4 decimal numbers to represent, with spaced therefrom.
Network-bit host bits +
3, classification:
A 1 ~ 127 network master + + + primary master
B 128 ~ 191 mesh net + + + primary master
C 192 ~ 223 Mesh Mesh network master +
D 224 ~ 239 multicast (multicast)
E 240 ~ 254 Research
4, default subnet mask
Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0
5, Gateway
Is a network connection to another network of "gateway"
6, public IP address and private IP addresses
Public address, the address may also be referred to as a public network, access the Internet directly through it, it is within the scope of the WAN.
Private addresses, also known as private network address, used exclusively for the internal organization, it is within the scope of the LAN, where the LAN is unable to access the Internet.
Private address range:
10.0.0.1 ~ 10.255.255.254 Class A
Class B 172.16.0.1 ~ 172.31.255.254
Class C 192.168.0.1 ~ 192.168.255.254
Third, the basic environment settings
1 , TCP / IP settings
Static state
dynamic
2 , see the IP address configuration information
Start | Control Panel | Network and Sharing Center | click the "local connection" right "to view the status" button | Click " Details
Or start | command prompt, | or run ipconfig
ipconfig /all
. 3 , the IP alternate configuration address
When selecting an IP address automatically adds a standby configuration parameters when the computer fails to obtain an IP address from the DHCP server automatically activated
Configuration with a spare.
Alternate Configurations There are two ways:
1) Private IP Address: 169.254.0.1-169.254.255.254, subnet mask 255.255.0.0
2) User manual configuration:
. 4 , of ping command to test network connectivity
Ping 127.0.0.1
Conduct loopback test
Verify TCP / IP is configured correctly
5 , enable or disable the firewall
Start | Control Panel | Windows Firewall | click "Change Settings" button
Fourth, networking equipment and media
1, NIC
RJ-45 Ethernet, fiber network card, wireless card
2, cable
1 ) twisted pair
UTP (unshielded twisted pair), STP (shielded twisted pair)
UTP performance standards
| Types of |
Mark |
Transmission rate |
| Five categories |
cat5 |
100Mbps |
| UTP |
cat5e |
100Mbps |
| Six |
cat6 |
1000Mbps(1Gbps) |
| Seven categories |
cat7 |
10000Mbps(10Gbps) |
2) Fiber
Single-mode
Multimode
3, switches, Switch
4, eNSP simulator