The bloggers to TCP / IP put it very well, easy to understand: https://www.cnblogs.com/onepixel/p/7092302.html
Physical: MAC address, globally unique, vendor and card serial numbers composed of the ROM is written to the card by the manufacturer. 802.11 WLAN and Ethernet physical address using a 6-byte or 2 bytes, typically 6-byte, two bytes each separated by a colon, such as: 00: 02: ff: 00: 11: 0d.
Logical address: a universal addressing is used to uniquely mark each host, without regard to a variety of physical network. Using IPv4 or IPv6, IPv4 is 32 bits in the logical address, 198.25.45.8 e.g.
Port: There are multiple applications on a single computer, each program must have a port number used to distinguish, for example, from QQ computer transfer files from one host to another computer on the QQ software, documents arrive first computer, and then rely on the port number to find QQ.
IP Addressing: TCP / IP network to any device or host has a unique IP address.
Early addressing: each host is assigned a 32-bit binary number as the host's Internet Protocol (IP) address, a network composed of a host and host itself. 32-bit binary number represents an address space of up to 2 32 = 4,294,967,296, represents over 4 billion devices have access, with the development of the Internet, the IPv4 address can be used in an emergency, it developed the IPv6, the length of 128 bits, is four times the space of IPv4
Addressing rules:
1) bit host part of the IP address can not be all "1"
2) the network part can not be all "0"
3) A class 127 is specified for "loopback test"
4) provides a number of private network address can not route