linux network
file sharing occurs between --PC invention Ethernet
LAN hardware address --MAC
One: Physical layer
HUB - Hub bus structure for data transmission in the form of a flooding
broadcast domain / domain conflicts
Story:
In early networks, PC interoperability can only MAC address forwarding data; - Layer 2 forwarding the concept of
bridge - switch - maintains a MAC address table
Three:
With the increase of network devices that require network more and more; this time, the communication of these devices is a document - had a logical address;
IPV4, IPV6, IPX, AppleTalk, Novell, DEC - early logical address
network interconnection - the route up!
Router - a routing table
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Four layers: the transport layer
core task to have changed - Application Interworking
application port:
the TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
common port: 20 is 21 is 22 is 23 is 80 443 110 25 53 is
the UDP: protocol data unit
common port: 67 68 69
Application Layer:
program application
Access to network resources of a real process:
1, the network resources of a PC - kernel space management
2. Application Layer (interprocess communication)
1, internal PC communication process - 1) parent and child communication 2) single signal communications
2, PC process communication between - 1) rpc 2) socket socket (do separate application)
About Host command control networks:
the ifcfg family command:
ifconfig
ifconfig displays the current interface up
ifconfig lo0 | eth0
-a
ifconfig interface name IP address netmask mask [up | down]
After the IP address configuration take effect immediately, but after the restart the card, they will restore
ifconfig eth0 192.168.94.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 // automatically generated eth0: 0 sub-interface (label), del can be deleted
ifconfig | grep -o --color = auto "\ ([0-9a-fA-F] \ {2 \}: \) \ {5 \} [0-9a-fA-F] \ {2 \}" // matches the MAC address
route 查看以及添加路由
route -n //-n不做解析
添加路由
1、添加默认路由（添加网关）
route add default gw 192.168.94.2
2、添加主机路由（去往一个固定的IP地址）
route add -net 192.168.95.0 network 255.255.255.0 eth0
3、添加路由网段
route add -net 192.168.95.0 network 255.255.255.0 eth0
路由类型： Flags -- U（up）、H（主机路由host）、G（网关路由gw）
删除路由
route del 指定路由删除
netstat
一般查看的内容
-t tcp
-n 不解析
-a --tcp协议标记为（syn、ack、fin...）
-l listen
-e establish
-u UDP
-p pregrom以及pid 查看该链接建立/监听会话的程序/进程
查看路由内容
-r --route
进行数据统计
netstat -i //统计接口数据传输情况
-v -e 查看扩展的内容
ip家族命令：
ip命令是比ifconfig更加新的命令，功能要比ifconfig更加强大
ip [option] object {command | help} help可以查看object的用法
object
link
add
del
set
ip link set DEV {up | down} //控制端口的开关
ip link set DEV {on|off}
ip link set DEV dymic {on|off}
show 查看端口情况
addr
add 默认可以添加备用地址
replace change
del 删除--只能删除一个地址
ip addr del 192.168.94.200/24 dev eth0:0
flush 指定一类地址同时删除
ip addr flush dev eth //清空所有的地址
show
route
add
ip route add 192.168.95.0/24 via 192.168.94.2
ip route add 192.168.95.95 dev eth0
del
ip route del 192.168.95.0/24
flush
ip route flush dev eth0 //删除所有有关eth0的路由，包括直连路由，不建议使用
ss 查看套接字的工具
ss [option] [filter]
ss -tan //a --all t --tcp n --不做解析
u udp
w raw(没有有传输层头部数据包)
-D file 将信息输入到文件，不显示在屏幕上
-m 显示占用内存空间
-p 和netstat -p，显示进程
这些配置都是临时生效的，只要重启就没有了
图形界面管理：
yum install system-config-network-tui -y
这个工具和setup一样，setup调用的tui的接口；
进图形进行端口配置
centos7
nmtui
在图形下配置IP地址，需要重启后生效
配置文件：
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules