php implement the mapping

Mapping

Mapping, or projection, in mathematics and related fields often equated function. Based on this, the equivalent part of the function mapping section, the mapping and fully equivalent function completely.

Mapping (Map) data structure is used to access the key-value pair (key, value), only a key corresponding to a key value and can not be repeated.

achieve

Implementation can be mapped using a linked list or binary tree.

List implementation:

<?php
/**
 * 接口 字典
 * Interface Dict
 * @package app\models
 */
Interface Dict
{

    public function set( $key , $value );

    public function get( $key );

    public function isExist( $key );

    public function delete($key);

    public function getSize();


}

class DictLinkList implements Dict
{
    protected $size=0;
    public $key;
    public $value;
    public $next;

    public function __construct($key=null,$value=null,$next=null)
    {
        $this->key = $key;
        $this->value = $value;
        $this->next = $next;
    }

    public function set($key,$value){
        $node = $this;
        while( $node && $node->next ){
            if( $node->next->key==$key ){
                $node->next->value = $value;
                return $node->next;
            }
            $node = $node->next;
        }

        $node->next =  new self($key,$value,$node->next);
        $this->size++;
        return  $node->next;
    }


    public function get($key){
        $node = $this;
        while($node){
            if( $node->key ==$key  ){
                return $node->value;
            }
            $node = $node->next;
        }

        throw new \Exception('cannot found key');
    }


    public function isExist($key)
    {
        $node = $this;
        while($node){
            if( $node->key ==$key  ){
                return true;
            }
            $node = $node->next;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public function delete($key)
    {
        if( $this->size==0)
            throw new \Exception('key is not exist');

        $node = $this;
        while($node->next){
            if( $node->next->key == $key  ){
                $node->next = $node->next->next;
                $this->size--;
                break;
            }
            $node = $node->next;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function getSize()
    {
        return $this->size;
    }
}

test:

<?php
        $dict = new DictLinkList();
        $dict->set('sun',111); //O(n)
        $dict->set('sun',222);
        $dict->set('w',111);
        $dict->set('k',111);
        var_dump($dict->get('w'));   //O(n)
        var_dump($dict->isExist('v'));   //O(n)
        var_dump($dict->delete('sun'));    //O(n)
        var_dump($dict->getSize());
        
/******************************************/
//111
//false
//true
//2

Binary Tree

<?php
class DictBtree implements Dict
{
    public $key;
    public $value;

    public $left;
    public $right;
    private $size;

    public function __construct($key=null,$value=null)
    {
        $this->key = $key;
        $this->value = $value;
        $this->left = null;
        $this->right = null;
        $this->size = 0;
    }

    public function set( $key , $value ){
        if( $this->size ==0 ){
            $node = new static( $key,$value );
            $this->key = $node->key;
            $this->value = $node->value;
            $this->size++;
        }else{
            $node = $this;
            while($node){
                if( $node->key == $key ){
                    $node->value = $value;
                    break;
                }
                if($node->key>$key){
                    if($node->left==null){
                        $node->left = new static( $key,$value );
                        $this->size++;
                        break;
                    }
                    $node = $node->left;
                }else{
                    if($node->right==null){
                        $node->right = new static( $key,$value );
                        $this->size++;
                        break;
                    }
                    $node = $node->right;
                }
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function get( $key ){
        if( $this->size ==0 )
            throw new \Exception('empty');
        $node = $this;
        while($node) {
            if ($node->key == $key) {
                return $node->value;
            }
            if ($node->key > $key) {
                $node = $node->left;
            } else {
                $node = $node->right;
            }
        }
        throw new \Exception('this key not exist');
    }

    public function isExist( $key ){
        if( $this->size ==0 )
            return false;
        $node = $this;
        while($node) {
            if ($node->key == $key) {
                return true;
            }
            if ($node->key > $key) {
                $node = $node->left;
            } else {
                $node = $node->right;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public function delete($key){

        //找到元素，寻找元素左边最小元素
        $node = $this->select($key);
        if( $node->right!=null ){
            $node1 = $node->selectMin($node->right);

            //替换当前node
            $node->key = $node1->key;
            $node->value = $node1->value;

            //删除$node->right最小元素，获取最终元素赋给$node->right
            $nodeMin = $this->deleteMin($node->right);
            $node->right = $nodeMin;
        }else{
            $node1 = $node->selectMax($node->left);

            $node->key = $node1->key;
            $node->value = $node1->value;

            $nodeMax = $this->deleteMax($node->left);
            $node->left = $nodeMax;
        }

       return $this;

    }

    protected function deleteMin( $node ){
//        if( $this->size ==0 )
//            throw new \Exception('empty');

//        $prev = new static();
//        $prev->left = $node;
//        while($prev->left->left!=null){
//
//            $prev = $prev->left;
//        }
//        $prev->left = $prev->left->right;

        if( $node->left==null ){
            $rightNode = $node->right;
            $node->right = null;
            $this->size--;
            return $rightNode;
        }

       $node->left = $this->deleteMin($node->left);

        return $node;
    }

    protected function deleteMax($node){

        if( $node->right==null ){
            $leftNode = $node->left;
            $node->left = null;
            $this->size--;
            return $leftNode;
        }

        $node->right = $this->deleteMax($node->right);
        return $node;

    }

    public function getSize(){
        return $this->size;
    }


    public function select($key){
        $node = $this;

        while($node){
            if($node->key==$key){
                return $node;
            }
            if ($node->key > $key) {
                $node = $node->left;
            } else {
                $node = $node->right;
            }
        }

        throw new \Exception('this key not exist');
    }

    public function selectMin( $node ){
        while($node->left){

            $node = $node->left;
        }
        return $node;
    }


    public function selectMax( $node ){
        while($node->right){

            $node = $node->right;
        }
        return $node;
    }
}

Complexity Analysis

List O (n)

Binary search tree O (log n)