Create a file system:
format: (prior to partition, divide the track) low-level formatting, advanced formatting (for partition after partition, create a file system)
metadata, data area
metadata area:
file metadata: inode (index node)
size, permissions, is a group owner, time stamp, a data block pointer
Symbolic link files: space to store the data pointer among the stored file access path is real
device file: space to store the data pointer which is stored in the device number (major, minor)
bitmap index: bitmap indexes
VFS: Virtual File System
Linux filesystems: ext2 (no logging), ext3, ext4, xfs, reiserfs, btrfs
CD: iso9660
Network File System: nfs, cifs
cluster file system: gfs2, ocfs2
kernel-level distributed file system: ceph
windows file system: vfat, ntfs
pseudo file system: proc, sysfs, tmpfs, hugepagefs
Unix file system: UFS, FFS, JFS
swap file system: swap
user space distributed file system: mogilefs, moosefs, glusterfs
File system management tools:
Create a file system tools
mkfs
mkfs.ext2, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.ext4, mkfs.xfs, mkfs.vfat, ...
to detect and repair file system tools
fsck
fsck.ext2, fsck.ext3, ...
view its properties tool
dumpe2fs, tune2fs
to adjust the characteristics of the file system
tune2fs
The shortcomings of the file system log function: lose performance because of the need to write two I / O, but now this performance loss is negligible
Link files: access different paths to the same file
hard link: point to the same inode multiple file path
characteristics:
(1) does not support the directory hard links
(2) hard links can not cross file system
(3) create a hard link will increase the inode reference count
to create:
LN src link_file
Symbolic link: the path to a file to another file path
characteristics:
(1) file is a symbolic link with two separate files, each with its own inode, creating a symbolic link to the original file does not increase the reference count inode
(2) support for the directory to create a symbolic link can be established across file systems
(3) to delete symbolic link files without affecting the original file, but delete the original file, specify the path that is the symbol does not exist, the link will become invalid
Note: The size of the symbolic link file is the number of bytes specified file its path string, not the size of the original file
Created:
LN src link_file -s
-v: verbose display detailed process