English-- verb tenses

 

English | verb tenses

When the state is a very iffy thing, either fully grasp, or is incomprehensible.
Before the official start, we need to understand the verb Chinese will not change over time and the state. However, the verb in English will change over time and the state. So, this is the time when the state of said state.

Foreword

目前所有的文章思想格式都是:知识+情感。
知识:对于所有的知识点的描述。力求不含任何的自我感情色彩。
情感:用我自己的方式，解读知识点。力求通俗易懂，完美透析知识。

text

Tenses in English, with the dimension of time is two states. Time That time, the state that is aspect.

1. Time | time

basic concept

时间:分为三类，如下所示:
    过去-past
    现在-present
    将来-future

注意:'现在'不是说的是现在的这个时间点，而是指'常态'。例如:每天都起床跑步。每天早上是一个一个的时间点，但是认为这是现在时。

2. Status | aspect

basic concept

状态:状态的本质来源于谓语动词的状态，可以分为四种。
    一般-simple
        一般状态，强调动作发生的时间，而非状态本身。
    进行-continuous
        进行状态，强调动作的过程，进行描绘动作，具有生动性。
    完成-perfect
        完成状态，强调动作的结果，表示逻辑推导性。
    完成进行-perfect continuous
        完成进行状态，强调动作的结果和过程。

Explanation: time well to distinguish. But the state, it will be unintelligible. Five state needs associated with the verb in the sentence. Different kinds of verb get a different sentence, however, is different from the verb state now according to the state. English verbs are the most critical, most difficult to engage or verb.

3. tense | tense

basic concept

时态:分为16种。
    一般态:
        一般现在时
        一般过去时
        一般将来时

    进行态:  be+现在分词
        现在进行时  am/is/are doing
        过去进行时  was/were doing
        将来进行时  will be doing

    完成态: have+过去分词
        现在完成时 have/has done
        过去完成时  had done
        将来完成时  will have done

    完成进行态: have been + 现在分词
        现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
        过去完成进行时 had been doing
        将来完成进行时 will have been doing

    过去将来时:
        过去将来时
        过去将来进行时
        过去将来完成时
        过去将来完成进行时

4. Detailed tense

4.1 general state

basic concept

一般态:作为英语中，最基本，最简单，最常见的时态。
    强调动作发生的时间，不强调动作的状态。只是关心这个动作是发生在过去，现在，还是将来。不关心这件事情有没有做好。

present tense

一般现在时:分为三种情况。
    1)表示事物现在的情况或状态(主系表句型)
        eg: I am a teacher.
    2)表示经常性，习惯性动作(常有时间副词修饰)
        eg: Do you always get up so late? It's one O'clock!
    3)表示客观真理、格言
        eg: Failure is the mothor of success.

simple past tense

一般现在时: 表示过去的动作、习惯、事实。
    eg: Last summer, I went to Italy.

注意:一般过去时，经常使用过去具体时间的副词。
    eg:yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 1996......

Future Tense

一般将来时:分为三种情况。
1)表示将来发生的动作或者状态，或者倾向。(will=将要)
    eg: People will run  into problems in their lives.
2)be going to + 动词原形
    表示将来时，常表示计划，所以主语多用于人。
    will表示意愿时，主语是人。表示预测时，主语是物。
    eg: She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning..
3)be about to + 动词原形
    表示即将....
    eg: He is about to leave for Shanghai.

4.2 State

basic concept

进行态:进行的动词，按照动作发生的时间长短，分为两种。即延续性动词和瞬间动词。
    延续性动词:表示这个动作一直都在做，比如: 我在中国学习。
    瞬间动词:表示这个动作的发生时一瞬间的，如果你还加上时间，那就是错误的。比如:那头猪死了。加上时间，就是说猪死了很长时间才死掉，是错误的。

进行态，本质上属于一般态的生动模式。
    任何一个进行态的句子，都可以改成一般态。
    一般态不一定可以改成进行态，只有动词是延续性动词的时候才可以改。

Explained "we must distinguish between momentary verbs and continuity of the verb. Only then can it be understood that non-state and tenses relations. At the moment you will start gradually found between tense grammar are interchangeable, do not confused. And many common transient verbs, in writing or speaking, they often use as a continuity of the verb, which is wrong.

on going

现在进行时:分为两种情况。

1)表示现在正在做的动作
    此时be动词翻译为 正在
        eg: He is playing basketball.
    注意:主系表句型在口语中一般常用 一般现在时。如果要强调此时的状态，可以使用现在进行时。
        eg:You are being very rude!
2)表示即将发生的动作
    通常表示 位移 短暂动词，come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, die, take.
    此时的be动词，翻译为 即将。
    eg: 'We are going back now,' said the conducter.

Past progressive

过去进行时:表示过去某事正在做的事情。
    eg: A man was lying in the box during the train.

When the future conduct

过去进行时:表示将来某时将进行的动作。
    eg: They will be trying to keep order.

4.3 tenses

basic concept

完成态:强调动作的结果。

Explanation: The complete state, a distinction needs. Its literal meaning is completed, that is the result. And do not forget, the distinction between the state comes from the verb state. The great role of the subject of the verb.

Present Perfect

现在完成时:分为两种情况。
1)表示到现在为止已经完成的动作(发啊生时间不明)
    eg:Since then, he has developed another bad habit.
2)表示是延续性动词，表示持续到现在的动作(或状态)
    be动词时可延续的动词
    eg:He has been here for six months.

现在完成时常用时间副词:
    自从.....   ---->   Since +时间点
    有若干时间之久....   ---->    for + 时间段
    到目前为止....    ---->   so far/up to now
    最近....    ---->   recently/lately
    一次/两次/几次/多次 ....    ---->   once/twice/a few times/many tomes
    过去若干年/月/日以来.....   ---->    over/during/for+the last/past +数字+years/months/days

注意:短暂动词go/marry/die，都是一瞬间完成的事。
加上时间之后，必须使用对应的主系表句型，因为系动词可以是延续的。
eg: He has been to Beijing for 3 years.

perfect past tense

过去完成时:表示截止过去某时为止所完成的动作或经验。
    过去完成时不能单独存在，要与另一个使用一般过去时的句子或者表示过去的副词短语连用。
    had译为'已经'或'曾经'。

eg:A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.

Future completion

将来完成时:表示到将来某时为止所完成或仍然继续的动作或经验等。
    常与介词by构成的时间状语连用，表示'到.... 的时候'

eg: Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.

4.4 completion of state

basic concept

完成进行态:同时强调动作的结果和过程。
    使用延续性动词。

注意:任何完成进行态，都可以改为完成态。
    但是完成态不一定能改成完成及形态，必须是延续动词，才可以改。

Explanation: The completion of the transient state must not use the verb, or will be a joke. Distinction completed state and for the state of completion of state, is essentially not the same as the state of the verb.

Present Perfect time

现在完成进行时:表示一直继续到现在，且可能继续下去的动作。
    通常和表示时间段的副词连用，如:for,since,all morning....
    eg:If you haven't discovered your dream, probably you have been missing too much.

Past Perfect carried out

过去完成进行时:表示一直继续到过去的某时，而当时仍然在继续的动作。
    过去完成进行时的句子中，必须有表示过去的时间状语。
    eg: Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under contrl.

When the completion of the future

将来完成进行时:表示一直持续到将来某时，且可能继续下去的动作。
eg: By the time you come back tonight, I will have been sleeping for five hours.

4.5 in the past when the future

basic concept

过去将来时:通常用语叙述性故事中，或间接引语中
    eg: Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand prounds a year!
过去将来进行时:
    eg:She said she would be setting off on the 10 o'clock train.

过去将来完成时:
    eg:I guessed that Hellen would have told her something.

过去将来完成进行时:
    eg:He told me that by the end of year he would have been living there for thirty years.

Conclusion

Congratulations, watching the 16 kinds of tenses in English. At the moment, I do not know whether you feel, and a look ignorant, this is the right performance. Do not want to rip, you require a lot of input in English himself. Personal humble opinion, will be divided into learning, knowledge, learning, study habits. It all knowledge readily available, the method is more difficult, habit even harder.

Next will describe the structure of the English passive, passive constructions need detailed description, is very important. Of course, the big English sentence structure of 5 to 9 major sentence elements, coupled with today's 16 large tense, are very important. The key is that you just read my knowledge, I do not have the methods and habits.