Author: North-South-North
from: League of Legends Community
Summary: Linux disk partition table, file system view, a lot of statistical tools, some tools are multifunctional, not only to view disk's partition table, but also to disk partitions operation; but in this article, we talk about partition of view, and view usage of partition; this is only to novice purposes; operating on partitioning tool, I will do later devoted;
This article Objective: The main point is to introduce beginners to the basics entry required, with the basics to advanced; if all the disk manipulation tools are placed in a document, we looked tired; based on this the idea, so I write a document, you want to know the novice brothers one eye, can easily point to easily point; live, work and study there were not so;
Operating Environment: Fedora Core 4.0 10.1 i686 & Slackware
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a, df command;
df from coreutils package, system installation, it comes; we can view disk usage and the location of the file system is mounted by this command;
For example:
[beinan the root @ localhost] # DF -LH the Filesystem capacity has been available with a mount point% / dev / hda8 11G 6.0G 4.4G 58% / / dev / SHM 236M 236M 0 0% / dev / SHM / dev / sda1 56G 22G 35G 39% / mnt / sda1
From which we can see, the system installed in the / dev / hda8; there is a 56G disk partition / dev / sda1 mounted on / mnt / sda1 in;
Other parameters, please refer to man df
Two, fdsik
fdisk is a powerful tool for disk operations, from util-linux package, we are here to just say how his view disk partition table and partition structure; -l parameters, the -l option, the machine can get all of the the hard disk partition situation;
[root@localhost beinan]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 765 6144831 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda2 766 2805 16386300 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/hda3 2806 7751 39728745 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 2806 3825 8193118+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda6 3826 5100 10241406 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 5101 5198 787153+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda8 5199 6657 11719386 83 Linux
/dev/hda9 6658 7751 8787523+ 83 Linux
Blocks above, the size of the partition is indicated, Blocks unit is byte, we can be converted into M, such as the first partition / dev / hda1 if the size in terms of M, should be 6144831/1024 = 6000M, i.e. about 6G, in fact, not so troublesome, rough look forward to moving the decimal point three, you know about how much the volume;
file system system representation, such as / dev / hda1 is NTFS format; / dev / hda2 represents It is fat32 formatted file system;.
In this example, we pay special attention to is that / dev / hda3 partition, which is the extended partition; he includes the following logical partition, in fact, this partition is equivalent to a container; subordinate to her there hda5, hda6, hda7, hda8, hda9;
We also note that, how not hda4 it? Why hda4 not included in the extended partition? A disk up to four primary partitions; hda1-4 are considered primary partition; hda4 not contain the extended partition, the partition can be considered further extended primary partition; in this case, no hda4 this partition, we can of course wherein a partition set primary partition, but I did not do it when the district;
A closer look at statistics, we take a look at this disk space is not there? hda1 + hda2 + hda3 = actual volume has been partitioned, so we can count hda1 + hda2 + hda3 = 6144831 + 16386300 + 39728745 = 62259876 (b), in terms of M units to move forward three decimal places, so now divided good partition volume is occupied by approximately 62259.876 (M), in fact the most accurate calculation 62259876/1024 = 60800.67 (M); and the size of the disk is 80.0 GB (80026361856byte), in fact, the actual size is 78150.744 (M); through us series of calculations, we can conclude that there are still using hard disk space that is; there are still about 18G unpartitioned space;
fdisk -l can list the number of machines in all disks, disk partitions can list all cases; for example:
[root@localhost beinan]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 765 6144831 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda2 766 2805 16386300 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/hda3 2806 7751 39728745 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 2806 3825 8193118+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda6 3826 5100 10241406 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 5101 5198 787153+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda8 5199 6657 11719386 83 Linux
/dev/hda9 6658 7751 8787523+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60011642880 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 57231 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 57231 58604528 83 Linux
Through the above we can see that this machine has two hard drives, we can also specify fdisk -l to see a situation in which partition the hard drive;
[root@localhost beinan]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60011642880 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 57231 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 57231 58604528 83 Linux
Can know by the above case, / dev / sda the disk, only one partition; the use of almost a hundred percent;
Since we can see / dev / hda of
[root@localhost beinan]# fdisk -l /dev/hda
Try it yourself?
Three, cfdisk from the util-linux package;
cfdisk is a good partitioning tool; in some release, this tool has been removed from the util-linux package; cfdisk is his characteristic easy to use; and in DOS the fdisk similar; in this title, we have only to explain how to view the status of the machine's disk partitions and file systems used;
View disk partition usage cfdisk -Ps disk device name;
for example,
[root@localhost beinan]cfdisk -Ps
[root@localhost beinan]cfdisk -Ps /dev/hda
[root@localhost beinan]cfdisk -Ps
Partition Table for /dev/hda
First Last
# Type Sector Sector Offset Length Filesystem Type (ID) Flag
-- ------- ----------- ----------- ------ ----------- -------------------- ----
1 Primary 0 23438834 63 23438835 Linux (83) Boot
2 Primary 23438835 156296384 0 132857550 Extended (05) None
5 Logical 23438835 155268224 63 131829390 Linux (83) None
6 Logical 155268225 156296384 63 1028160 Linux swap (82) None
We only use parameters -Ps, it lists the partitioning disks; cfdisk currently exist in Slackware Debian Mandrake and other mainstream release, and fedora 4.0 removed this gadget up; pity; this is my operation in Slackware of;
If you do this, the more intuitive;
[root@localhost beinan]cfdisk 磁盘设备名
For example:
[root@localhost beinan]cfdisk /dev/hda
You can see the pattern is as follows:
cfdisk 2.12a
Disk Drive: /dev/hda
Size: 80026361856 bytes, 80.0 GB
Heads: 255 Sectors per Track: 63 Cylinders: 9729
Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hda1 Boot Primary Linux ReiserFS 12000.69
hda5 Logical Linux ReiserFS 67496.65
hda6 Logical Linux swap 526.42
[Bootable] [ Delete ] [ Help ] [Maximize] [ Print ] [ Quit ]
[ Type ] [ Units ] [ Write ]
Toggle bootable flag of the current partition
You entered the cfdisk user interface; the keyboard to move the cursor to the [Quit] you can exit;
Four, parted function good partitioning tool; there are bands in Fedora 4.0, the upper can install yourself; in this topic, we just say how to view partitioning disks;
call the method is simple, parted is on by default device is / dev / hda, you can also specify their own; such parted / dev / hda or / dev / sda etc; exit method is to quit
[root@localhost beinan]# parted
使用 /dev/hda
(parted) p
/dev/hda 的磁盘几何结构：0.000-76319.085 兆字节
磁盘标签类型：msdos
Minor 起始点 终止点 类型 文件系统 标志
1 0.031 6000.842 主分区 ntfs 启动
2 6000.842 22003.088 主分区 fat32 lba
3 22003.088 60800.690 扩展分区
5 22003.119 30004.211 逻辑分区 reiserfs
6 30004.242 40005.615 逻辑分区 reiserfs
7 40005.646 40774.350 逻辑分区 linux-swap
8 40774.381 52219.094 逻辑分区 ext3
9 52219.125 60800.690 逻辑分区 reiserfs
We operate in a surface partd, with p can list the current partition the disk, if you want to see the other disk can be used to select functions, such as select / dev / sda;
five, qtparted, as well as related software parted qtparted, can view the structure of the disk and used by the file system, it is patterned;
[beinan @ localhost ~] # qtparted
Graphical view, at a glance;
Six, sfdisk is a partition tool, and feature a lot; we are here to say that only function partitioning of his columns disk;
[root@localhost beinan]# sfdisk -l
See for yourself;
sfdisk has several useful functions; are interested brothers take a look;
Seven, partx also briefly talk about some system comes with this tool, function is simple, and fdisk, parted, cfdisk is not worth mentioning; not worth mentioning;
Usage: partx device name
[root@localhost beinan]# partx /dev/hda
# 1: 63- 12289724 ( 12289662 sectors, 6292 MB)
# 2: 12289725- 45062324 ( 32772600 sectors, 16779 MB)
# 3: 45062325-124519814 ( 79457490 sectors, 40682 MB)
# 4: 0- -1 ( 0 sectors, 0 MB)
# 5: 45062388- 61448624 ( 16386237 sectors, 8389 MB)
# 6: 61448688- 81931499 ( 20482812 sectors, 10487 MB)
# 7: 81931563- 83505869 ( 1574307 sectors, 806 MB)
# 8: 83505933-106944704 ( 23438772 sectors, 12000 MB)
# 9: 106944768-124519814 ( 17575047 sectors, 8998 MB)
Eight, to see all disks and partitions of the current situation in the machine:
[beinan@localhost ~]$ cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
3 0 78150744 hda
3 1 6144831 hda1
3 2 16386300 hda2
3 5 8193118 hda5
3 6 10241406 hda6
3 7 787153 hda7
3 8 11719386 hda8
3 9 8787523 hda9
8 0 58605120 sda
8 1 58604528 sda1
Nine, mac-fdisk This tool is mainly used in Powerpc version of Linux, we used X86 version does not have this tool; this just explain;
Reproduced in: https: //www.cnblogs.com/licheng/archive/2008/01/21/1047280.html