According to the performance and use classification
supercomputer
Supercomputer (Supercomputers) generally refers to large and complex issue can calculate the ordinary PC and server can not complete the computer hundreds of thousands or more processors (processor) component. Supercomputer is the most powerful computers, the fastest computing speed, storage capacity of the largest class of computers is an important symbol of national science and technology development level and overall national strength.
server
Specifically refers to certain high-performance computers, through the network, to provide services. Compared with ordinary computers, the stability, safety, performance requirements are higher.
80% of the data server node, storing, processing network network information. Server for the client computer to provide various services to high-performance computers, mainly in the high-speed high-performance computing power, reliable operation of aspects of a long, strong external data throughput and so on. Server configuration is similar to a regular computer, but also processors, hard drives, memory, system bus and so on, but because it is for the specific network applications, particularly the development of, and thus the server and PC processing power, stability, reliability, security, there may be significant differences in scalability, manageability, and so on. The main server with a web server (DNS, DHCP), print servers, terminal servers, disk servers, mail servers, file servers, and so on.
workstation
It is a personal computer and distributed network computing, based on primarily for professional applications, with powerful data computing and graphics, image processing capabilities, to meet the engineering design, animation, scientific research, software development, financial management, information service, simulation and other areas of professional development and design of high-performance computers. The most prominent feature is a strong workstation graphics exchange capacity, and therefore particularly rapid computer-aided design has been applied in the field of graphic images. Typical products are the United States, Sun's Sun workstation series.
Hub (HUB)
A hub (HUB) is a shared media network device, its role can be simply understood as the number of machines connected together to form a LAN, HUB itself does not recognize the destination address. All ports contention broadband a shared channel, so as to increase the number of network nodes, increase the amount of data transmission, the available bandwidth per node will be reduced on the hub.
Further, the hub takes the form of a broadcast transmission of data, namely data is transmitted to all ports. A host such as when the same LAN to transmit data to the host computer B, the packet is transmitted on the broadcast to the network architecture as a HUB, all nodes on the network to simultaneously transmit the same information, then by the each terminal authentication information of the address data to determine whether the received header. In fact, generally only one terminal node to receive data, and are transmitted to all nodes, in this way, can easily lead to network congestion, but most data traffic is invalid, thus causing the entire data transmission efficiency corresponding network low. On the other hand due to the packet transmitted by each node can be listening to easily bring some hidden dangers to the network.
In fact, actually a repeater hub, the only difference lies in the hub ports can provide more services, so called multiport repeater hubs.
switch
Switch (Switch) requires transmission of information according to ends of the communication, a method of manually or automatically the device information to be transmitted to the corresponding technical routing collectively meet the requirements. The generalized switch is a kind of apparatus in a communication system to complete the information exchange function, which is the hub of upgraded product, is very similar in appearance to the hub, and the hub which is substantially the same effect.
However, there are two differences in performance: the hub uses a shared bandwidth mode of operation, the switch is used in the exclusive bandwidth mode. I.e., all ports on the switch are exclusive channel bandwidth, in order to ensure rapid and efficient transfer of data on each port, the switch is provided for the exclusive user, point to point connection, data packets are only sent to the destination port, without will be sent to all ports, other nodes difficult listening to the transmitted information, so that when the machine a lot or a large amount of data, is not likely to cause network congestion, but also to ensure the security of data transmission, at the same time greatly improve the transmission efficiency, the difference between the two is more obvious.
router
A router (Router) is a device responsible for network routing, it looks for a minimum amount of the communication network path to the user communications from the plurality of paths in the interconnection network. A router for connecting the plurality of separate logical network, to provide users with the best communication path, using the routing table for the router selected for data transmission path, the routing table contains a list of network addresses, and a distance between each address, the router using the routing table lookup data packet from the current position to the correct path to the destination address, the router using the minimum time optimal path algorithm or algorithms to adjust the path of information transmission. After the switch router is to generate, just after the switch to produce hubs, routers and switches, so there is a certain link is not completely independent of the two devices. The main switch router can not overcome the lack of forwarding packets to the routing.
Industrial control computer
A bus structure, the production process and its electrical and mechanical equipment, process equipment to detect and control the computer system in general. Referred to as the IPC.
Personal computer (PC)
Embedded Computer
I.e., embedded systems (Embedded Systems), which typically consists of four parts embedded microprocessors, peripheral hardware devices, embedded operating system and user applications and so on. Embedded system includes almost all electrical equipment life, such as handheld PAD, calculators, television set-top boxes, mobile phones, digital television, multimedia players, automobiles, microwave ovens, digital cameras, home automation systems, elevators, air conditioning, security systems, vending machines, cellular phones, consumer electronics, industrial automation, instrumentation and medical instruments.
Classified by data processing
Digital computer
Digital computer is the mainstream of the world computer industry, its internal processing of the electrical signal is a symbolic signal or a digital signal known as.
Analog computer
Analog computer came earlier, the actual analog electrical signal is used internally in nature, which is called an analog electrical signal.
The hybrid digital and analog computer
Mixing is to take a digital computer, the computer simulation of long, both high-speed operation, and easy to store information.