Find a task Linux system basic profiles
The first step: search engine "Linux"
The second step: to collect and collate search pages
(1) UNIX mainframe use, the main feature is support for simultaneous multi-user operating system and share system resources. Most people reach of UNIX, generally only large companies use only.
(2) Linux is a free to use and free dissemination of class UNIX operating system is. The main difference is that UNIX and UNIX it is copyrighted, and Microsoft's Windows is the same should be charged.
(3) Linux inherits UNIX network-centric design philosophy, is a stable performance in multi-user network operating system.
(4) Linux can be installed in a variety of computer hardware devices, such as tablet computers, routers, video game consoles, desktop computers, mainframe and supercomputers.
(5) strictly speaking, Linux is only the word itself represents the Linux kernel, but in fact it has been used to describe the entire use Linux based on Linux kernel, the GNU Project and the use of various tools and database operating system.
Task two summarize the first decade of Linux systems
The first step: Keyword Search
The second step: collect, organize, and search data summarized by multiple comparison to identify the authenticity
In 1990, Linus Torvalds was a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, originally wrote a treatment program multi-task switching in 80386 protected mode in assembly language, and later from Minix (Andy tiny Unix operating system written by Professor Tanenbaum the main operating system for teaching) was inspired to produce further from that loony ideas - Minix write a better than Minix, and began to write device drivers for some hardware, and a small file system. Such a Linux version 0.0.1 came out, but it only has the operating system kernel barely prototype, or even can not run, you have to play there later compiled on Minix machine. Linus has been completely fascinated by this time and do not want to stop, I decided to kick Minix, then released Linux 0.0.2 version in October 1991 No. 5, already running bash and gcc in this version.
From the beginning, Linus decided to free diffusion of Linux, including the original code, then Linux cause hackers (hacker) attention, joined the Linux kernel development over a computer network. Linux systems tend to be a hacker - until today, the Linux kernel development community is considered to be real programming. Due to a high level hackers to join the rapid development of Linux, almost a week or two there is a new version or revision appears, by the end of 1993 to the beginning of 94, Linux 1.0 has finally been born! Linux 1.0 is already a fully functional operating system, and the kernel write compact and efficient, can give full play to hardware performance, 4M memory on 80386 machines also performed very well today, people still talked about. Today, the kernel version 2.6 has been out to. Linux development, unlike traditional software engineering, it is entirely through the Internet, a collection of experts from around the world made an operating system, where we can have an insight into the power of the network quickly spread. Linux for the first time the whole world felt so powerful open-source power and network power. (Linux logo and mascot is a penguin Tux name is called, the origin of the mark because Linus when Australia was a zoo penguin bite, he chose as the Linux penguin logo.)
Linux and GNU's history is closely linked. From the beginning of the GNU project in 1983 to develop a free and complete Unix-like operating systems, including software development tools and a variety of applications. By the time the 1991 release of the Linux kernel, GNU has almost completed the development of a variety of essential software in addition to the system kernel. The efforts of Linus Torvalds and other developers, GNU components can run on the Linux kernel. Whole kernel is based on the GNU General Public License, which is but a part of GPL (GNU General Public License, GNU General Public License) Linux kernel is not the GNU project. In March 1994, Linux1.0 version of the official release, Marc Ewing founded the software company Red Hat, Linux distributors to become one of the most famous.
Strictly speaking, the word Linux itself, said Linux kernel, but in practice it has been used to describe the whole with Linux operating system based on Linux kernel, the GNU Project and the use of various tools and applications (also known as GNU / Linux). It is called Linux distributions based on these components of Linux software. In general, a Linux distribution contains a large number of software, such as software development tools, databases, Web servers (such as Apache), X Window, desktop environments (such as GNOME and KDE), office suite (such as OpenOffice.org), etc. .
Between 1991 and 1995, Linux 0.1 version of the kernel prototype concept type, become able to all worthy rival proprietary Unix in performance and features of the operating system, and defeated them in Unix on the continuous uptime and other important statistics the vast majority. In 1995, Linux found its killer application - open source web server Apache. Like Linux, Apache outstanding stable and efficient. Soon, Linux machines running Apache has become the preferred platform for global ISP. About 60% of the site selection Apache, easily defeated the other two main competitors of proprietary type. Today's LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) architecture has become a major choice for Web server.
Now the only Linux can be installed on almost all major server, of course, including X86 desktop system. It also is often used in embedded systems, set-top boxes, mobile phones, switches, game consoles, PDA, network switches, routers, and so on, all because of that wonderful Linux kernel.
The emergence of Linux, not only brought to the world a free operating system, not just for Unix freedom, the continuation of shared culture, it appears to bring the computer world since Unix, GNU is more mature thinking and culture.
Linux and GNU relationship is more subtle. At that time, the user software tools written the Free Software Foundation package paves the way forward to get rid of the high cost of proprietary software development tools. Sense of obedience economy, rather than leadership: Some newcomers joined the revolutionary movement RMS, hold high the banner of GPL, while others are more traditional Unix agree on the overall sense, he joined the opposition camp GPL, but most other people stay out, as one coding.
Linus Torvalds cleverly across the GPL and GPL anti-faction battle. He used the GNU toolkit put up own Linux kernel, it is protected with contagious nature of the GPL, but refused to agree with Richard Stallman's ideology program license agreement reflected. Linus Torvalds made it clear that he believes the free software generally better, but he also occasionally use proprietary software. Even in his own career, he also refused to become fanatics. This greatly attracted most hackers, although they would have disgusted Richard Stallman's words, but their skepticism has been the lack of a convincing influential or spokesperson. And Linus Torvalds just act as this role.
Linus Torvalds pleasant pragmatic and flexible and low-key acting style, prompting the hacker culture has made a series of surprising victories between 1993 and 1997, not only in technical success, but also to the issue around the Linux operating system, service and support industry have a solid start. As a result, his fame and influence are also soaring. Torvalds became the hero of the Internet age; until 1995, he only spent four years on prominent in cultural circles throughout the hacker, and Richard Stallman has spent fifteen years, but he is far more than Stallman trafficking to the outside world. " record free software "is. Compared with Torvalds, Richard Stallman's words gradually appears to be both harsh and weakness. (See "Linus Torvalds quotations Top 10")
Today, we could not say that GNU Linux or Linux GNU. Linux open source is neither exclusive nor exclude commercialization, Linus that good software is the need for free and work together to promote the commercialization. It is this revolutionary idea, creating today's Linux fiery situation (see "Who wrote Linux", "Linux Foundation's advertising", "Linux Distribution Timeline"). Linux is like fresh air to flow into the hearts of all, caused a lot of inspiration and reflection.
Task Three studies of Linux features, advantages and release
[Sub] describes the characteristics of a task Linux system
(1) Stability of the Linux system set forth
Linux operating system architecture fully followed the UNIX system architecture, it inherently has a mature and stable characteristics, in this regard is the Windows family of operating systems can not be compared.
(2) set forth the security of Linux systems
Linux systems in the design is for a multi-user environment, so the system files, user files have made a clear distinction between, each file has a different user attributes. As a normal user, usually only read and write their own files, and general system files can only be read and can not be changed, some sensitive system files and even read is prohibited. This design ensures a fundamental security of the system, even if a user file there is a problem, it will not affect the entire system.
(3) set forth the convenience of Linux software installation
In the Windows platform, if you do not know how the software should be installed, usually for as long as the mouse click "Next" button to complete the installation. In the Linux platform, installation of the software in terms of convenience once behind Windows, but appears APT and YUM makes this situation has been completely changed, allowing the user to tell the installer own now need to install any software, the installer automatically to download the program and install it yourself, and finally waiting for the user to start running it. In this sense, Linux has gone beyond the Windows software installation, further reducing the level of participation of users, facilitate the user.
(4) describes the Linux system resource consumption
Since the kernel is small, so it can support a variety of electronic products, such as: Android mobile phone, PDA, etc., it consumes very little resources.
[Two] sub-task analysis of the advantages of Linux system
(1) All components of the Linux system source code is free
Free software refers to freedom is not free, but to the program's source code is open for anyone to read, can be modified only limitation is that the modified program must also be published along with the source code. For the average user, it may not be useful, but for developers, you can read a lot of classic program's source code, to rapidly improve their coding level, you can modify the source code when you need to adapt yourself when you need to support the development of a project, you can absorb other people from the improved code to continuously improve the quality of the project, when there is a bug in your program, are quickly discovered and provided patches of people read the code make your application more secure. When you enter the Linux world you will find that this is a programmer's paradise, everything you can dominate. All of these are perfectly normal on the Linux platform, but things, but for Windows users, these are not possible, the source code for Windows is life, any unauthorized person would like to read it is impossible .
(2) Linux system can effectively protect the learning outcomes
Linux system architecture from UNIX, this framework has been in use from birth in 1969, in the foreseeable future it will still be using it. At the same time the main development language has been the C language, the editor still is a long history of vi. Although you can now use any language to non-Linux systems contribute code, but their role is secondary line, C language as the core language the status of the system has not changed, but the Windows platform is far less optimistic. Basic programming language from the ancient to the later VB, C ++ and now the C #, change a few years, development tools even more dazzling, people have no choice. No matter which language you choose, what kind of development tools, after two or three years you have to learn to use new tools, features, new platform to keep up with the pace of Microsoft's vagaries.
Employment prospects (3) Linux system
Currently Windows platform programmer is very large, there is no graduate-level education and excellent coding ability to find favorable treatment of a work has been impossible. By comparison, the Linux platform development, domestic developers in this area is still limited, and Linux applications have started to heat up in China, the Guangdong Linux has established the first R & D center, walking in front of the country in Linux applications. They are now engaged in timely learning and development Linux platform, will certainly add a powerful bargaining chip for the job after graduation. Although propaganda of advertising on a monthly salary of more than 100,000 Linux programmers can not fully convinced, but it must be a signal to us, Linux programmers in China is promising.
[Three] summarizes the subtasks release of Linux systems
(1) by reading books and web pages to search data, summarize finishing
Linux distribution can be roughly divided into two categories, one is a commercial company maintenance releases, one is maintained by community organizations release, the former famous RedHat (RHEL) as the representative, the latter represented by Debian.
RedHat series, including RHEL, (RedHat Enterprise Linux, also known as RedHat Advance Server, paid version), Fedora Core (original RedHat desktop version developed from the free version), CentOS (RHEL clone of the community, free) , RedHat Linux version should be said that most people in the country use, this version is characterized by a large crowd to use the number, the data is very large. RedHat series of package management is based on the use of YUM package management RPM packages, package distribution methods are compiled binary files. RHEL and CentOS stability is very good, suitable for use in servers, but Fedora Core stability is poor, it is best used only for desktop applications.
Debian series, including Debian and Ubuntu and so on. Debian Linux is a community-class model, is by far the most followed standard GNU Linux system. Debian was first created by Ian Murdock in 1993, it is divided into three versions: stable, testing and unstable.
Ubuntu is based on Debian Unstable version strengthened from. There are three versions to choose from: the Gnome-based Ubuntu, Kubuntu and KDE-based based Xfc of Xububtu.
Gentoo, Linux is the world's youngest release.
(2) find a few more classic version of the Linux distributions Download
Debian ISO image file address: http: //www.debian.org/distrib/.
Gentoo mirror file address: http: //www.gentoo.org/main/en/where.xml.
Ubuntu ISO image file address: http: //www.ubuntu.com/download.
Damn Vulnerable Linux, DVL_1.5_Infectionus_Disease ISO image file address:
http://osdn.jp/projects/sfnet_virtualhacking/downloads/os/dvl/DVL_1.5_Infectious_Disease.iso/。
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Beta DVD ISO image file address: https: //idp.RedHat.com/idp/.
CentOS 6.4 DVD ISO image file address: http: //wiki.centos.org/Download.
Fedora 18 (Spherical Cow) DVD ISO image Address: http: //fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora.
OpenSuse 12.3 DVD ISO image file address: http: //software.opensuse.org/123/en.
Arch Linux ISO image file address: https: //www.archlinux.org/download/.
Task four Linux operation and maintenance of career planning
The first step: to understand the development of operation and maintenance engineers prospects for Linux
Linux talent shortage of talent has become the IT job market in the next five years of Linux talent gap will reach 1.2 million. IT practitioners average salary increase of 2% year on year, while staff salaries Linux on year increase 5%, Linux Senior Architect average annual salary of $ 200,000.
Step two: planning their own learning content
Content of the primary Linux operation and maintenance engineers should learn: Linux foundation and architecture, Linux command and management, Linux disk and file system management, Linux platform RAID and LVM management, Linux network and TCP / IP protocol, Linux Enterprise YUM software management, Linux scripts and process management, Linux kernel and streamline management system, Linux system installation and trouble shooting.
Content intermediate Linux operation and maintenance engineers should learn: Linux security reinforcement commonly used encryption protocol, Linux DNS DNS and DHCP services, Linux basic Web services, Linux enterprise application LAMP architecture, Linux mail service enterprise applications, Linux enterprise-class file-sharing services , Linux enterprise Windows cross-domain sharing, enterprise-class security configuration and management Iptables, Linux certification and protection mechanisms.
Content Advanced Linux operation and maintenance engineers should learn: MySQL database configuration and management, Linux clusters Lvs technology, Linux Enterprise High Availability Services cluster, Linux Enterprise High Availability technology.
Content senior Linux operation and maintenance engineers should learn: Top MySQL master-slave replication, enterprise-wide basis Nginx, load, read and write separation, load balancing HAProxy and Varnish, Tomcat load balancing, tuning, Senior Linux Architect system tuning strategy, XEN KVM virtualization and cloud computing technology, OpenStack private cloud business, operation and maintenance of essential Python syntax, enterprise-class large-scale monitoring system zabbix, operation and maintenance of automation Puppet. Promotion Necessary Skills: massive data processing Hadoop.
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Author: cc520ls
Source: CSDN
Original: https: //blog.csdn.net/cc520ls/article/details/79601971
Disclaimer: This article as a blogger original article, reproduced, please attach Bowen link!