Last article, "The secret of clear thinking: Structured thinking (top-down)," elaborated the following points:
- Principles of structured thinking;
- What is the structure of thinking;
- Chestnuts and divergent top-down application;
- Divergent skill structure.
Further to the above, we look at the face of a flood of information, how to use the tree summarized from the bottom up.
One,
Universal tree
Divergence from top to bottom, is an argument, a problem as the root node (A) down divergent classification, the concept of dismantling large as easy to solve small concept.
Summary from the bottom up, is when you are faced with vast amounts of information (C1C2C3 ...), we will summarize classified information, draw conclusions. This logic applies to the determination of others, induction scene information.
two,
Summary approach
The first step: to find out the common features of things
- what are they?
- They belong to which side?
- Whether they have the same attributes in some way?
Step Two: Find something common result
- They have led to what?
- The result of the addition to the good as well as bad right?
For non-event class of things physical entity, usually the second step is not required.
In order to avoid missing the second step, we can ask, "So" After identifying common characteristics, the outcome of things.
three,
for example
Remember earlier in this little game?
The classification process is the use of a method to identify common characteristics of things. what are they? Apples, pears, oranges are all fruit, all of a sudden remember it ~
People will be more profound in the same category for things like memory.
summary report
Alice would like to summarize this year's learning, she listed the following:
- Read three books of psychology;
- He attended a Japanese language training;
- Read five books of financial Finance;
- In a management buy online video lessons.
The first step: to find common characteristics
Read: 1, 3, and lectures: 2,4.
Step Two: Find a common result
By reading books and lectures red in these areas we have learned a lot, but the little red felt more lectures efficiency, and decided to increase the proportion of lectures to learn in next year's learning style.
This method is particularly suitable for study concluded, summing up the work, set out the thing done, and then classified summary of the evaluation results, and then make adjustments strategies to make their own progress faster.
If you want to submit a year-end summary report leadership, compared to only stated done before, plus you summarize the classification, optimization, leadership is not to make it all themselves?
Analyzing logic
Nature (1) do not understand
If Xiao Ming said a lot of words to tell you, you can understand every word, even together, I feel very confused, do not understand. The reason you do not understand, because you do not know what Bob wanted to express, I do not know what these words of his argument yes.
At this point, you can guide him to tell conclusion. For example: He asked, "What is the result of this matter due to" "So," and the like.
(2) remain skeptical
We are receiving a lot of information every day, microblogging, public numbers, news and so on, when you find yourself instill the notion that we must be vigilant of.
First, we use a tree in the figure below, the analysis of the argument, reason, truth is. And then analyze whether the facts to launch this reason, these reasons and whether they can support this argument.
For example: the number of very well-respected school success chicken soup is to strive, to fight.
We use a tree to discuss:
1) author's argument, reason, what is the truth?
Argument: the efforts will succeed.
Reason: to make work longer hours.
Facts: XXX slept only six hours a day and then pay, YYY tired to 30 hours without sleep to be done was finally promoted, ZZZ name of the bottle have to work.
2) the fact that to launch this reason?
Yes, sacrifice time to rest can exchange for longer working time.
3) reasons to support this argument?
Obviously not. Even long working hours, work efficiency as well as others, still no good. The argument is that the core issue - it will lead to success of the single, only emphasized the effort.
Obviously, the success factor, in addition to the efforts, further comprising: a talent, opportunity and resources.
The argument against the MECE principles mentioned above.
The following is a logical reasoning dry
(1) induction: exhaustive of all things, the introduction of the general law
For example: acute angles of a triangle is 180 °, and the right triangle interior angle is 180 °, obtuse angles of a triangle is 180 °. And, acute, right, obtuse triangle exhausted all triangles. Therefore, and angles of a triangle is 180 °.
To comply with the principle of induction MECE.
Previously successful Chicken Soup learn not meet MECE principle, it does not exhaust all the factors that lead to success.
(2) Deduction: minor premise premise + + Conclusion
For example: major premise - the intellectuals should be respected; minor premise - people teachers are intellectuals; Conclusion: The teacher of the people should be respected.
Premise to maintain an objective fact, things are minor premise is the inclusion relation (intellectuals included teacher of the people), to reach a conclusion.
four,
How training structured thinking?
(1) an effective output, the practical application
- Take the framework, writing articles.
- Try to find an argument speech.
- When thinking consciously use the framework of decentralized thinking.
- If you can not find the frame, it builds a list of known information summary classification framework.
(2) SSA
- The accumulation of well-known theoretical structure;
- Build your own tree.
知名理论结构，比如：商业模式画布、营销4P理论、马斯洛需求原理等。搭建自己的结构树，即归纳出一套自己的方法论。比如：我之前遇到一个事时慌乱无比，然后迅速做了错误的决定。
于是我搭建了这个结构树：
所以以后我一旦慌乱，我就会告诉我自己，冷静冷静！！然后再依照我的结构树进入下一步。
积累结构树，有助于我们在发散结构时更快速准确。
结构化思维就介绍到这里了，希望大家都能理解结构树并加以运用~
另外，对于产品经理来说，结构化思维可以运用于需求优先级评估、解决问题、分析需求等多种途径，核心是掌握这种思维方式。
（来自：http://www.woshipm.com/it/981327.html 尊重原创，感谢作者分享！）