Design of unmanned vehicle information collection circuit based on microcontroller

1. Abstract

With the continuous development of science and technology, unmanned vehicle technology has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of modern transportation. This article mainly introduces the design of an unmanned vehicle information collection circuit based on a single-chip microcomputer. The circuit mainly includes sensor module, microcontroller control module and communication module. Through the design and implementation of each module, real-time collection and processing of various information during the driving process of unmanned vehicles are realized, providing reliable data support for the automatic driving of unmanned vehicles.

2. Introduction

An autonomous vehicle is a vehicle with autonomous navigation capabilities that can complete driving tasks automatically without human intervention. In order to realize autonomous driving of unmanned vehicles, it is necessary to sense and process the vehicle's driving environment in real time. Therefore, the information collection circuit is a very important component of the unmanned vehicle system. This article mainly introduces the design of an unmanned vehicle information collection circuit based on a single-chip microcomputer. This circuit can collect key information such as the vehicle's speed, acceleration, steering angle, etc. in real time, and transmit this information to the host computer for processing through the communication module.

3. System design

1. Sensor module

The sensor module mainly includes speed sensor, acceleration sensor and steering angle sensor. The speed sensor is used to measure the speed of the unmanned vehicle, the acceleration sensor is used to measure the acceleration of the unmanned vehicle, and the steering angle sensor is used to measure the steering angle of the unmanned vehicle. These sensors convert the collected information into electrical signals, which are then processed through analog signal processing circuits and finally output to the microcontroller.

2. Microcontroller control module

The microcontroller control module is mainly responsible for processing and controlling the information collected by the sensor module. This design uses the STC89C52 microcontroller as the control core. By programming the microcontroller, the data collection, processing and control of the sensor module are realized. At the same time, the microcontroller is also responsible for data interaction with the communication module and transmitting the processed information to the host computer.

3. Communication module

The communication module is mainly responsible for transmitting the information processed by the microcontroller to the host computer. This design uses serial communication to send data to the host computer through the serial port. Serial communication has the advantages of simplicity, reliability, and low cost, and is very suitable for information collection systems for unmanned vehicles.

4. System implementation

1. Sensor module implementation

This design uses Hall effect speed sensor, capacitive acceleration sensor and rotary encoder as detection components for speed, acceleration and steering angle. Through the selection and parameter setting of these components, real-time monitoring of the speed, acceleration and steering angle of the unmanned vehicle during driving can be achieved.

2. Implementation of microcontroller control module

This design uses STC89C52 microcontroller as the control core, and realizes data collection, processing and control of the sensor module by programming the microcontroller. At the same time, the microcontroller is also responsible for data interaction with the communication module and transmitting the processed information to the host computer.

3. Communication module implementation

This design adopts RS-232 serial communication method and realizes communication between the microcontroller and the host computer through the MAX232 level conversion chip. Through the design and implementation of the serial communication protocol, real-time transmission of various information during the driving of the unmanned vehicle can be achieved.

Part of the code is as follows

#include <reg52.h>

// 定义速度传感器引脚
sbit speed_sensor = P1^0;

// 定义单片机控制模块函数
void delay(unsigned int time)
{
    unsigned int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < time; i++)
        for (j = 0; j < 120; j++);
}

int main()
{
    unsigned char speed = 0;

    while (1)
    {
        // 读取速度传感器数据
        if (!speed_sensor)
            delay(10); // 延时消抖
        else
        {
            speed++;
            delay(100); // 延时等待下一次采样
        }

        // 将速度值发送给上位机（此处省略）

        // 延时一段时间，以便观察结果
        delay(1000);
    }

    return 0;
}