Central heating monitoring circuit design based on single-chip microcomputer

1. Abstract

With the acceleration of urbanization, central heating systems are playing an increasingly important role in the lives of urban residents. In order to ensure the stable operation of the heating system, improve heating efficiency, and reduce energy consumption, this article designs a centralized heating monitoring circuit based on a single-chip microcomputer. The circuit mainly includes data acquisition modules such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and flow sensors, as well as microcontroller control modules and communication modules. Through the design and implementation of each module, real-time monitoring and control of the heating system is achieved, providing a strong guarantee for the optimized operation of the heating system.

2. Introduction

The central heating system is an important infrastructure for urban residents' lives, and its operating status directly affects the residents' quality of life. However, traditional heating systems have many problems, such as unstable operation, high energy consumption, and low automation. In order to solve these problems, this article designs a centralized heating monitoring circuit based on a single-chip microcomputer. This circuit can realize real-time monitoring and control of the heating system, improve heating efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and provide a strong guarantee for the optimized operation of the heating system.

3. System design

1. Data collection module

The data acquisition module mainly includes temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, etc. The temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the heating pipe, the pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure of the heating pipe, and the flow sensor is used to measure the flow rate of the heating pipe. These sensors convert the collected information into electrical signals, which are then processed through analog signal processing circuits and finally output to the microcontroller.

2. Microcontroller control module

The microcontroller control module is mainly responsible for processing and controlling the information collected by the data acquisition module. This design uses the STC89C52 microcontroller as the control core. By programming the microcontroller, the data collection, processing and control of the data acquisition module are realized. At the same time, the microcontroller is also responsible for data interaction with the communication module and transmitting the processed information to the host computer.

3. Communication module

The communication module is mainly responsible for transmitting the information processed by the microcontroller to the host computer. This design adopts RS-485 communication method and realizes communication between the microcontroller and the host computer through the MAX485 level conversion chip. Through the design and implementation of communication protocols, real-time monitoring and control of the heating system can be achieved.

4. System implementation

1. Implementation of data collection module

This design uses NTC thermistor as the temperature sensor, pressure transmitter as the pressure sensor, and electromagnetic flowmeter as the flow sensor. Through the selection and parameter setting of these components, real-time monitoring of the temperature, pressure and flow of the heating pipeline can be achieved.

2. Implementation of microcontroller control module

This design uses the STC89C52 microcontroller as the control core. By programming the microcontroller, the data collection, processing and control of the data acquisition module are realized. At the same time, the microcontroller is also responsible for data interaction with the communication module and transmitting the processed information to the host computer.

3. Communication module implementation

This design adopts RS-485 communication method and realizes communication between the microcontroller and the host computer through the MAX485 level conversion chip. Through the design and implementation of communication protocols, real-time monitoring and control of the heating system can be achieved.

Part of the code is as follows

#include <reg52.h>

// 定义温度传感器引脚
sbit temp_sensor = P1^0;

// 定义单片机控制模块函数
void delay(unsigned int time)
{
    unsigned int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < time; i++)
        for (j = 0; j < 120; j++);
}

int main()
{
    unsigned char temp = 0;

    while (1)
    {
        // 读取温度传感器数据
        if (!temp_sensor)
            delay(10); // 延时消抖
        else
        {
            temp++;
            delay(100); // 延时等待下一次采样
        }

        // 将温度值发送给上位机（此处省略）

        // 延时一段时间，以便观察结果
        delay(1000);
    }

    return 0;
}