Application, paper writing, and extended analysis based on the integration of multiple technologies such as the equivalent factor method, InVEST, and SolVES models in the social value assessment of ecosystem service functions

View the original text>>>Application, paper writing, and extended analysis based on the integration of multiple technologies such as the equivalent factor method, InVEST, and SolVES models in the social value assessment of ecosystem service functions

Ecosystem services are the direct or indirect benefits that humans obtain from nature. They can be divided into four categories: supply services, cultural services, regulatory services and support services. They are of great significance to improving human well-being and are considered to connect society and the ecosystem. bridge. Since the launch of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) project, ecosystem services have become a research hotspot in academia, and great progress has been made in how ecosystem service functions are transformed into economic value. However, driven by global warming and accelerated land use change, the ecological environment continues to deteriorate in exchange for short-term economic benefits. Therefore, as an ecosystem degrades, its ability to provide goods and services also decreases. In addition, during the landscape space planning process, attention should be paid to the synergy and trade-off relationships between ecosystem services, and ecosystem services with economic value should be given priority in order to achieve both ecological and socio-economic benefits. Given the lack of economic value for some ecosystem services, such as aesthetic, cultural, and therapeutic value, managers and ecologists consider them of low importance and often do not consider them in planning decisions. At the same time, due to the intangibility of the social value of ecosystem service functions and the dependence of the subjective perceptions of the beneficiary groups, it is difficult to evaluate or quantify it, making it difficult to incorporate the social value of ecosystem service functions into the planning and resource management process.

The equivalent factor method classifies ecosystem service functions, uses quantifiable standards to construct the value equivalent of various service functions of different types of ecosystems, and evaluates them based on the distribution area of the ecosystem. This method has a small amount of data, is relatively intuitive, easy to use, and applicable for the assessment of ecosystem service values at regional and global scales. The InVEST model based on the GIS platform is based on spatial data, quantifies a variety of ecosystem service functions and expresses them in the form of a map, realizing the spatialization and dynamicization of quantitative assessment of ecosystem service functions. It has strong generalizability and is widely used in China and abroad. A number of applied studies have been carried out abroad, and it is the most mature and currently most widely used ecosystem service value assessment model. The SolVES model (Social Values for Ecosystem Services), which stands for Ecosystem Services Social Value Model, is a geographic information system application jointly developed by the United States Geological Survey and Colorado State University. The purpose of developing this model is mainly to analyze ecosystem services. The social value in the service function is spatially analyzed and quantitatively evaluated. The evaluation results do not display the total value in the form of currency, but use a value index to express the level of social value. The model consists of three sub-modules, namely the ecosystem service function social value module, the value mapping module and the value conversion mapping module. The value transfer module can transfer data to another research area that lacks survey data based on existing research results, and generate a predicted value index map for the new research area. This module can be used conveniently and quickly alone.

This article will describe the equivalent factor method, InVEST model, SolVES model and their principles used to evaluate the value of ecosystem services. You will learn the principles and operation methods of the three models: how to obtain and prepare model data; how to perform equivalent factor conversion; how to Use the InVEST model for ecosystem service function evaluation and value estimation; how to import the collected social survey data into the database (SQL), combined with the total amount of money allocated by the respondents to each social value type (i.e., weight index), how to use the embedded The kernel density analysis tool performs weighted kernel density analysis on the marked social value points to obtain the "kernel density surface" and "maximum grid value"; how to use the "average nearest neighbor statistics" tool embedded in the SolVES model to count social value points Clustering spatial distribution; how to use the model to divide the "kernel density surface" by the "maximum grid value" and standardize the result into a "value index surface"; how to combine environmental variable data to start the MaxEnt maximum entropy model to predict social value The spatial distribution of points, the mapping of social value, how to conduct spatial analysis and statistical analysis of model results; how to conduct coupling analysis of model results.

At the same time, you will also learn the basic methods of QGIS\PostgreSQL\ARCGIS\MAXENT\InVEST model\SolVES model\R language, and use the advantages of various platforms to expand and analyze the social value of ecosystem services: such as obtaining the corresponding social value based on different environmental variables. distribution map, and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of social value; study the collinearity problem of environmental variables; study the impact of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of social value, and conduct an in-depth analysis of the relationship between each environmental variable and different types of social value. relationship; study the contribution of each environmental variable to social value, thereby further determining which environmental factors contribute more to social value, etc. This course will also summarize the current research results, research hot spots, advantages and disadvantages of this model based on relevant application cases, and look forward to its future development trends, so as to provide a reference for the ecosystem service value estimation model to be better applied to the social value assessment of ecosystem service functions.

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